Impacts of Tourism Activities on Economy of Kazakhstan

Abstract

Abstract:Kazakhstan is an economically stable country in Central Asia, which recently began to pay close attention to the development of tourism industry. It is fact that, tourism is not a major component of country's economy, as evidence, tourism industry GDP in Kazakhstan is $3.08 billion or 1.6 percent of total GDP. The combination of direct and indirect influence of the tourist-spending scheme determines the impact on the local economy. Usually not all the income received in every cycle of tourists' expenses is spent. The more the share of income spent within the region, the greater the multiplier effect. The ability to keep a travel in the region depends on the economic isolation of the area and the independence of the local economy. If the local economy is able to produce goods and services that are in demand among tourists, then the multiplier effect will be very significant. Based on the initial data and assumptions made, it is possible to calculate the magnitude of the indirect impact of tourism on the economy of the country and obtain a multiplicative effect of tourism. The multiplicative effect of tourism, calculated on this expression, will be of an evaluation nature, so it is advisable to use an expert approach when justifying a number of indicators included in the formula. The above methodological approaches to determine the multiplier effect and aggregate income from tourism are applicable to the conditions and standards of statistical reporting and information throughout the country.

Analysing the Urban Environment Sustainability Influenced by Tourism in Iran (District 1 of Tehran Metropolis)

“…In recent years, there has been a widespread concern on the environment and its protection a global challenge. Hence, the extent and the diversity of urban environmental issues and their interchangeable interactions have made the need for urban environmental considerations more difficult (Abe et al, 2000;Rojeck & Urry, 2008).…”