Impaired Circulating Angiogenic Cells Mobilization and Metalloproteinase-9 Activity after Dynamic Exercise in Early Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Increased levels of adhesion molecules or metalloproteinases (MMPs) may indicate endothelial dysfunction. Exercise mobilizes circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) from bone marrow in healthy subjects, improving vascular function. However, it is unclear whether this mechanism is preserved in the early stages of metabolic syndrome (early MetS). We aimed to evaluate the acute effects of exercise on adhesion molecules, angiogenic factors, MMPs, and CACs in early MetS. Fifteen subjects with early MetS and nine healthy controls underwent an exercise session and a nonexercise session, randomly. Adhesion molecules, angiogenic factors, CACs, and MMPs were evaluated before and after exercise or nonexercise sessions. At baseline, levels of sE-selectin, sICAM-1, and MMP-9 were higher in early MetS than in controls (P ≤ 0.03). After exercise, sE-selectin, sICAM-1, and MMP-9 levels were still higher in early MetS (P < 0.05). Subjects with early MetS presented less CACs (P = 0.02) and higher MMP-9 activity (P ≤ 0.04), while healthy controls presented higher MMP-2 activity after exercise. There was no difference between moments in nonexercise session (P > 0.05). In conclusion, subjects with early MetS already presented impaired endothelial function at rest along with a decrease in CACs and an increase in MMP-9 activity in response to exercise.

Gelatinases and physical exercise

“…[ 26 ] A 1-hour cycling, consisting of 20 minutes at 50% and 40 minutes at 65% of VO 2 max, induced an increase in MMP-9 concentration already detectable halfway during exercise and persisting 2 hours postexercise. [ 27 ] A 1-hour cycling session at submaximal intensity (70% of VO 2 max), performed by 50 healthy subjects, did not cause any variation in MMP-9 level [ 28 ] ; 40 minutes cycling at submaximal intensity had no effect on MMP-9 concentration either in healthy subjects or in subjects with early MS. [ 29 ] In the same study MMP-9 activity rose postexercise only in MS subjects.…”

“…[ 21 ] After 1-hour cycling at submaximal intensity (70% of VO 2 max), MMP-2 transiently decreased but was back to baseline levels at 2 hours. [ 28 ] In the study by Rocha et al [ 29 ] serum MMP-2 activity was measured in 9 healthy subjects and 12 subjects with early MS before and after 40 minutes cycling at submaximal intensity; it was increased after exercise only in healthy subjects.…”

“…The few studies in which blood gelatinase activity was evaluated along with gelatinase concentration [ 22 , 27 , 29 ] have not always provided evidence of a parallel trend. A recent study conducted in obese elderly women addressed the effect of an acute eccentric exercise only on plasma gelatinase activity.…”

“…As regards MMP-9 detection in blood after an acute exercise, some studies suggest that the exercise must have a minimum intensity: cycling at submaximal intensity may not be effective. [ 28 , 29 ] Moreover, when marathon and half-marathon runners were compared, [ 34 ] the MMP-9 rise after the race was higher in the former.…”

Adults with initial metabolic syndrome have altered muscle deoxygenation during incremental exercise

“…Eligibility criteria for all were: age between 20 and 49 years, no smoking history, sedentary lifestyle, no diagnosis of chronic diseases (except MetS), no regular use of medications, and normal resting electrocardiogram. MetS was diagnosed following criteria of the Joint Interim Statement , as previously reported by our group . HCs did not present any MetS criteria.…”