Impaired working speed and executive functions as frontal lobe dysfunctions in young first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients

Klemm, Silke; Schmidt, Beate; Knappe, Susanne; Blanz, Bernhard

doi:10.1007/s00787-006-0547-2

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Such results are in striking contrast to the majority of previous reports [19,20,21], where cognitive impairment is observed in both schizophrenia patients and their relatives. However, the current study is not unique in this regard since negative results of such comparisons have also been reported for executive functions [24,25] and other cognitive tests, e.g.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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Cognitive Impairment and Formal Thought Disorders in Parents of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Patients

Remberk

Namysłowska²,

Rybakowski³

2012

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Both cognitive impairment and formal thought disorder (communication disturbances) found in patients with schizophrenia are also commonly observed in their relatives. Recently, the role of such deficits as putative endophenotypes of schizophrenia has been proposed. However, in a majority of studies, the families of adult patients were assessed whereas the relatives of early-onset psychotic subjects were rarely studied. The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of cognitive impairment and formal thought disorders in parents of adolescents with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) and in matched healthy controls. Method: Thirty-eight parents of 29 SSD adolescents and 38 healthy controls were assessed with a battery of neurocognitive tests and the Thought, Language and Communication Scale. Results: Parents of schizophrenia patients showed an increased tendency for perseverative thinking when compared to matched healthy controls. No statistically significant differences in cognitive functioning were observed between the groups. Conclusion: These results may suggest the need for further exploration of communication disturbances as a potential endophenotypic marker of early-onset schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Several cognitive endophenotypes fulfilling the above criteria have been proposed [19,20,21,22]. A meta-analysis of 37 studies shows that in comparison to healthy controls, relatives of schizophrenic patients display deficits in verbal memory, executive functions and attention [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Formal Thought Disorders in Parents of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Patients

Remberk

Namysłowska²,

Rybakowski³

2012

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Because some studies of cognitive function among relatives of persons with schizophrenia have shown subtle impairments in cognitive flexibility and abstraction/concept formation, it is possible that the impairment in these constructs reflects, in part, vulnerability to the condition. 37,38 To summarize our findings, rather than speaking of executive functions generically and as a homogeneous construct, at least within the context of describing the neurocognitive characteristics of schizophrenia, the present study provides empirical grounding for distinguishing between the constructs of cognitive flexibility and abstraction. This study sheds light on the importance of including measures of cognitive flexibility along with those of abstraction in a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment in schizophrenia and considering the relative strengths and weaknesses within the executive functioning domain to identify targets for rehabilitation planning for patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of Executive Functioning in Schizophrenia and Their Relationship With Processing Speed

Savla

Twamley

Delis

et al. 2010

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Context:The nature of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia is nebulous, due to inconsistencies in conceptualizing and operationalizing the construct, and the broader question of whether schizophrenia is best characterized in terms of specific vs generalized cognitive deficits. The current study aimed to determine whether executive functions represent unitary vs diverse constructs in schizophrenia. Methods: Participants included 145 community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia. Executive functions were measured with the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System (D-KEFS). We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal axis factoring, as well as parallel analyses to examine the latent constructs underlying the D-KEFS tasks, a second EFA on weighted residuals of the D-KEFS tasks (after accounting for processing speed measured with the Digit Symbol task), and bivariate correlations to examine relationships between the D-KEFS components and relevant demographic and clinical variables, crystallized verbal knowledge, and functional capacity. Results: EFA of the D-KEFS tasks yielded 2 factors (cognitive flexibility/timed tests and abstraction). EFA of the processing speed-weighted D-KEFS residuals also yielded 2 factors (cognitive flexibility and abstraction). Cognitive flexibility was negatively correlated with psychopathology. Better abstraction was associated with higher education, shorter illness duration, and better functional capacity. Both factors were positively correlated with crystallized verbal knowledge. Conclusions: Executive functions in schizophrenia could be parsed into 2 partially related but separable subconstructs. Future efforts to elucidate functional outcomes as well as neurobiological underpinnings of schizophrenia may be facilitated by attending to the distinction between cognitive flexibility and abstraction.

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“…We do not know of previous studies that investigated the development of selective attention using the d2 Test. However, the d2 Test is commonly used in neuropsychological studies of children, among others in studies of the effect of neurofeedback treatment for ADHD (Fuchs, Birbaumer, Lutzenberger, Gruzelier, & Kaiser, 2003), the neuropsychological markers of schizophrenia in adolescents (Klemm, Schmidt, Knappe, & Blanz, 2006;Schreiber, Stolz-Born, Heinrich, Kornhuber, & Born, 1992), the neuropsychological effects of irradiation for childhood leukemia (Langer et al, 2002), the remediation of attention deficits (Penkman, 2004), the neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy (Lendt, Helmstaedter, & Elger, 1999), the neuropsychological profiles of early treated children with phenylketonuria (Weglage et al, 1999;Weglage, Pietsch, Funders, Koch, & Ullrich, 1996), and the influence of methylphenidate on cortical processing of children with ADHD (Wienbruch, Paul, Bauer, & Kivelitz, 2005). Because children who have not learned the difference between the characters "d" and "p" cannot be tested with the d2 Test (Brickenkamp & Zillmer, 1998), we chose to study children in the second (age 7) and higher grades of school in order to be certain that they had sufficient knowledge of the characters used.…”

Section: R Wassenberg Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Inattention, Impulsivity, and Processing Speed as Measured by the d2 Test: Results of a Large Cross-sectional Study in Children Aged 7–13

Wassenberg

Hendriksen

Hurks

et al. 2008

Child Neuropsychology

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Impaired working speed and executive functions as frontal lobe dysfunctions in young first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients

Cited by 28 publications

References 50 publications

Cognitive Impairment and Formal Thought Disorders in Parents of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Patients

Cognitive Impairment and Formal Thought Disorders in Parents of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Patients

Dimensions of Executive Functioning in Schizophrenia and Their Relationship With Processing Speed

Development of Inattention, Impulsivity, and Processing Speed as Measured by the d2 Test: Results of a Large Cross-sectional Study in Children Aged 7–13

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