Implications of autophagy on arbovirus infection of mosquitoes

Brackney, Doug E.

doi:10.1016/j.cois.2017.05.001

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A gene ontology (GO) over-representation analysis was performed using g:Profiler on gene IDs which were significantly enriched or depleted in any considered contrast in the GLM described above when using a P value cutoff of 0.05 and any overrepresented GO terms with an FDR < 0.5 were considered significant (Supplementary Table 3) [33]. At 2 dpi depleted terms were overrepresented by proteins categorized as integral membrane components, but no terms were considered overrepresented by upregulated transcripts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endopeptidases, specifically serine proteases were upregulated at 7 dpi and from 2-7 dpi, suggesting an activation of the Toll pathway as part of the innate humoral response to infection once the virus has had time to establish an infection in the mosquito [33]. Activation of serine proteases is not uncommon in pathogenic infection of insects, and has been identified specifically as upregulated in Ae.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Targets for significantly regulated miRNAs were loaded into g:Profiler and any overrepresented GO terms with an FDR < 0.5 were considered significant [36].…”

Section: Mirna Target Predicronmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mayaro Virus Infection Elicits an Innate Immune Response inAnopheles stephensi

Henderson

Brustolin

Hegde

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arboviral pathogen in the genus Alphavirus that is circulating in South America with potential to spread to naïve regions. MAYV is also one of the few viruses with the ability to be transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles, as well as the typical arboviral transmitting mosquitoes in the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. Few studies have investigated the infection response of Anopheles mosquitoes. In this study we detail the transcriptomic and small RNA responses of An. stephensi to infection with MAYV via infectious bloodmeal at 2, 7, and 14 days post infection (dpi). 361 unique transcripts were significantly regulated and 79 novel miRNAs were identified. Gene ontology analysis of transcripts regulated at each timepoint suggested activation of the Toll pathway at 2 and 7 dpi and repression of pathways related to autophagy at 14 dpi. These findings provide a basic understanding of the infection response of An. stephensi to MAYV and help to identify host factors which might be useful to target to inhibit viral replication in Anopheles mosquitoes.AUTHOR SUMMARYMayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. In this study we infected Anopheles stephensi with MAYV and sequenced mRNA and small RNA to understand how MAYV infection impacts gene transcription and the expression of small RNAs in the mosquito vector. Genes involved with innate immunity and autophagy are regulated in response to MAYV infection of An. stephensi. We also discovered novel miRNAs and described their expression patterns following bloodmeal ingestion. These results suggest that MAYV does induce a molecular response to infection in its mosquito vector species and that MAYV may have mechanisms to evade the vector immune response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mayaro Virus Infection Elicits an Innate Immune Response inAnopheles stephensi

Henderson

Brustolin

Hegde

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…It is known that in mammals, autophagy plays a role either in host antiviral defend or contribution to arbovirus replication [ 27 – 29 ]. But mammals does not replicate the unique physiological feature associated with hematophagous insects like mosquitoes [ 30 ]. Moreover, it is recently reported that autophagy might play a role in arbovirus infection in Aedes mosquito [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic identification of autophagy-related proteins in Aedes albopictus

Qiao

Zhang

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Autophagy is a conserved cellular process playing a role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis and response to changing nutrient conditions via degradation and recirculation of cellular redundant components. Autophagy-related proteins (Atg) play important function in autophagy pathway. Aedes albopictus mosquito is an effective vector transmitting multiple viruses which cause serious human diseases. Moreover, Aedes albopictus mosquito is becoming a serious threat to human health due to its widening distribution in recent years and thus worth of more research attention. It was reported that autophagy might play a role in viral infection in Aedes mosquito. To better understand the interaction between autophagy and arbovirus infection in mosquito system, it is necessary to identify autophagy pathway in the system. However, autophagy in Aedes albopictus mosquito is still poorly understood so far. We recently identified AaAtg8, the first Atg protein reported in Aedes albopictus mosquito. This work further identified twelve atg genes in Aedes albopictus mosquito. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the twelve atg genes were performed. Expression profiles of all the twelve Aaatg genes in different developmental stages and genders of Aedes albopictus mosquito were conducted. Effects of chemicals inhibiting or inducing autophagy on the levels of eight identified AaAtg proteins were examined. The function of two identified AaAtg proteins AaAtg6 and AaAtg16 and their response to arbovirus SINV infection were studied preliminarily. Taken together, this work systematically identified Aedes albopictus atg genes and provided basic information which might help to elucidate the autophagy pathway and the role of autophagy in arbovirus infection in Aedes mosquito system.

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“…It was demonstrated that Brazilian ZIKV crosses the placenta and causes microcephaly by targeting cortical progenitor cells, inducing cell death by autophagy and apoptosis in mouse neural tissue, and impairing neurodevelopment [173]. Although Drosophila is a model organism that does not recapitulate the unique physiological and anatomical environment associated with mosquitoes [174], a study on the Drosophila brain system suggested an essential role for Drosophila stimulator of interferon genes (dSTING)dependent autophagy to restrict ZIKV infection and to control neuronal infection [175].…”

Section: Arboviruses and Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response in arbovirus, influenza virus, and HIV infections

Mehrbod¹,

et al. 2019

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Virus infection induces different cellular responses in infected cells. These include cellular stress responses like autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR). Both autophagy and UPR are connected to programed cell death I (apoptosis) in chronic stress conditions to regulate cellular homeostasis via Bcl2 family proteins, CHOP and Beclin-1. In this review article we first briefly discuss arboviruses, influenza virus, and HIV and then describe the concepts of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR. Finally, we focus upon how apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR are involved in the regulation of cellular responses to arboviruses, influenza virus and HIV infections.

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Implications of autophagy on arbovirus infection of mosquitoes

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Mayaro Virus Infection Elicits an Innate Immune Response inAnopheles stephensi

Mayaro Virus Infection Elicits an Innate Immune Response inAnopheles stephensi

Systematic identification of autophagy-related proteins in Aedes albopictus

The roles of apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response in arbovirus, influenza virus, and HIV infections

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