Importance of the Therapeutic Relationship: Efficacy of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy with Different Problems

Abstract

is a contextual therapy that is part of the so-called third generation therapies (Hayes, 2004; Pérez-Alvarez, 2012). One key feature is to reconsider the therapeutic context itself as the fundamental interaction for a change in behaviour to occur. The functional analysis of the therapeutic relationship is proposed as fundamental as it assumes that the clinical setting is a natural condition where a client's problems may occur, and also an opportunity for the client to make improvements. FAP is an idiographic therapy, which is based on the principles of functional analysis of a client's behaviour during the session. It includes contingencies of natural reinforcement and shaping that happen within the clinical session itself. In addition, FAP establishes the functional equivalence of the behaviour in the context of a session with other outside behaviours, which occur during the daily life of an individual (Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991, 1995). The change process focuses on a client's direct behaviour, what the client does and/or says within the session (including talking, thinking, feeling, seeing, hearing, remembering, emotional responses, etc.), which are the so-called "clinically relevant behaviours" (CRB). There are three types of these behaviours, which the therapist must learn to identify as therapeutic goals (Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991, 1994, 1995; Kohlenberg et al., 2009). CRB type 1 are the client's problems that are revealed during the session, usually complaints and problems that cause him/her to suffer, and whose frequency should Clínica y Salud (2021) xx(x) xx-xx

Análisis crítico del modelo de la conexión social propuesto desde la psicoterapia analítica funcional

“…Los diseños de caso único son una metodología con una larga tradición, aceptada por la comunidad científica y que ha probado su eficacia para estudiar las variables de control y los efectos del tratamiento. En concreto con FAP, desde su origen se han hecho estudios de eficacia y efectividad (Kohlenberg et al, 2002;Macías et al, 2019;Maitland et al, 2016, entre otros); e incluso recientemente (López-Bermúdez et al, 2021). Aunque en la actualidad no existe una aceptación generalizada de los diseños de caso único frente al estándar de los estudios de grupo y ensayo aleatorizado controlado, bajo nuestro punto de vista, cada una de estas metodologías no son más que una tecnología diferente, y ninguna debiera ser juez y parte que dictamine la eficacia de una terapia.…”

Spanish Validation of the “Life Snapshot Inventory”

“…It uses natural reinforcement and shaping of clinically relevant behaviours as a form of intervention. One of its greatest contributions is that it uses its own therapeutic relationship as a way to promote change in the client, focusing on the "here and now, on what happens within the clinical session, both in the problems and in the clients improvements (López-Bermúdez et al, 2021;Maitland et al, 2017). It is an idiosyncratic intervention, as it adapts to each person in particular.…”

Efetividade de um pacote multicomponente de ensino em FAP sobre os comportamentos de terapeuta e cliente em sessão

“…Uma das terapias comportamentais contextuais, a proposta da Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (Functional Analytic Psychotherapy, FAP - Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991) quando do lançamento de seu primeiro livro foi a de utilizar os processos básicos comportamentais para produzir mudanças clínicas por meio de sua aplicação na relação terapeuta-cliente, ou seja, dentro da sessão. Essa psicoterapia tem sido variável de interesse em diversas pesquisas e sua disseminação vem aumentando e se modificando ao longo dos últimos anos (Ferro, 2008;López-Bermúdez et al, 2021;Mangabeira et al, 2012).…”

“…Nesse sentido, por não partir de diagnósticos inflexíveis para análise, possui característica transdiagnóstica e pode ser aplicada aos mais diversos tipos de problemas e sintomas (López-Bermúdez et al, 2021;Oshiro et al, 2021). Como se pode constatar, esse é um atributo que a aproxima significativamente da proposta da Terapia Baseada em Processos.…”