Important value aspect of mangrove community at coastal area of Pangkalpinang City, Bangka Island

Abstract

Mangrove is a one of high - level plants becouse it has structure roots, branches and leafes. Mangrove commonly was found in the delta or brakishwater, but has ecological benefit as well as economic value. Mangrove found in the intertidal zone and high tide level. This research was aimed to analysis important value aspect of species mangroves at coastal area of Pangkalpinang City. This study uses a purposive sampling method. Data was collected using the line and plot transect method (LTP) and hemisphere photography agreed upon for mangrove monitoring in the COREMAP-CTI. The results showed that Mangrove composition found in 5 stations as many as 22 species mangroves which were classified into 10 family Rhizophoraceae, Sonneratiaceae, Avicenniaceae, Meliaceae, Combretaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myrcinaceae, Arecaceae, Malvaceae, Pteridaceae. The type of vegetation that has the highest INP value at the capling level is Rhizophora apiculata BI. of 266.65%, and The type of vegetation that has the highest INP value at the sapling level is Rhizophora apiculata BI. of 202.85%. Dominance species found in 5 station is Rhizophora apiculata BI and Sonneratia alba.

Unveiling the Diversity of Bangka Island’s Mangroves: A Baseline for Effective Conservation and Restoration

“…Our findings indicate that the mangrove forest on Bangka Island exhibits a low diversity pattern (Shannon index < 2) against a background of high species richness, characteristic of mangroves and the biogeographical region, and despite the effective presence of various recorded species. Similar low Shannon index values have been observed in other regions such as Pangkalpinang (Bangka Island, Indonesia) [25], the Gulf of Khambat (India) [78], Sibuti (Malaysia) [74], Air Telang Protected Forest (South Sumatra, Indonesia) [75] and Vidattaltivu (Sri Lanka) [69], each with varying numbers of identified species (Table 4). In contrast, the mangrove forest on Belitung Island, the neighbour island of Bangka, exhibits a higher Shannon index ranging from 2.19 to 2.7 [77], with a similar species composition and richness recorded.…”

“…Avicennia lanata was identified as Vulnerable (VU) and Ceriops decandra as Near Threatened (NT) among all identified mangrove species. In addition, Bruguiera hainesii [30] and Sonneratia ovata [25], recorded in Kurau Timur Village (Bangka Tengah) and Pangkalpinang, respectively, were not observed during the survey but are classified as Critically Endangered (CR) and Near Threatened (NT), respectively. Therefore, without effective conservation efforts aiming to mitigate human impacts on their habitats, species at high risk of extinction face the possibility of disappearing, and the presence of rare species may go unnoticed.…”

“…Over the past decade, approximately 767.33 ha of mangrove resources have been lost on Bangka Island due to coastal erosion or anthropogenic activities [9]. The local communities have utilised mangroves for firewood, charcoal, and building materials, as well as converted mangrove areas into ponds and settlements, contributing to a decreasing mangrove extent in various parts of the island [24][25][26][27]. Aside from the substantial coverage of mangrove forests, this region is the second-largest global tin producer, with a mining history [28] since the 17th century [29].…”

“…Therefore, acquiring detailed information through a comprehensive inventory initiative is crucial for informing conservation and restoration strategies. Despite a multitude of studies addressing mangrove distribution and community structure on Bangka Island [24][25][26][27]30,31,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], scientific data on species distribution, edaphic factors, and the potential zonation pattern of site-specific mangroves, specifically in the wider geographic area of Bangka Island, are mostly lacking or fragmented. A comprehensive study of the mangrove community across Bangka Island is needed to gain insights into the distribution patterns of various species.…”

The Analysis of Mangrove Community Ecological Index at the Coastal Area of Pangkalpinang City

“…Mangrove secara ekologis mempunyai beberapa fungsi antara lain sebagai pelindung dari abrasi pantai, perangkap sedimen, daerah asuhan (nursery ground), daerah mencari makan (feeding ground), daerah pemijahan (spawning ground) dan pemasok larva udang, ikan, serta penghasil kayu untuk bahan konstruksi, kayu bakar, juga bahan baku kertas (Saparinto, 2007). faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi dan mengancam eksistensi dan kelangsungan hidup komunitas mangrove di Pesisir Pangkalpinang yaitu tingginya aktivitas antropogenik (dampak dari pariwisata), aktivitas pelabuhan/dermaga, aktivitas pertambangan (TI Apung), konversi lahan mangrove untuk berbagai peruntukkan seperti pembangunan kawasan industri, pergudangan dan permukiman penduduk Akhrianti (2020),melaporkan bahwa di wilayah pesisir Kota Pangkalpinang terjadi kerusakan mangrove akibat adanya dampak aktivitas manusia dikawasan pesisir. Hasil penelitian Akhrianti (2019) menunjukkan bahwa adanya dinamika kawasan mangrove selama kurun waktu lima tahun (2012 -2016)…”