Importing exporters and exporting importers: A study of the decision of Chinese firms to engage in international trade

Elliott, Robert J.R.; Horsewood, Nicholas; Zhang, Liyun

doi:10.1111/roie.12374

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Many studies exist on large EMs such as China (e.g. Elliott et al, 2019), where even a no-exporting strategy may be viable because the large volume available in the domestic market may be sufficient to make local firms cost competitive. Firms from smaller EMs may not be cost-competitive if they shun exports, however, because of the constraints posed by the limited market size on achieving a competitive cost structure (Cuervo-Cazurra et al, 2015).…”

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exporting is an important and popular strategic option for many emerging market (EM) firms, primarily because it is relatively low-risk and less resource-intensive (e.g. versus FDI), but also because it allows them to leverage some of the advantages of their familiar homecountry environment, such as low factor costs (Elliott et al, 2019;Nuruzzaman et al, 2019). Exports from low-to middle-income countries averaged 25% of their GDP over 1990-2017(World Development Indicators, 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Home country institutional impact on the choice of direct vs indirect exports: an emerging markets perspective

Elango

Pangarkar

2020

IMR

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PurposeThis study uses the notions of institutional harshness and uncertainty avoidance in the home country to explain the choice between direct and indirect exporting strategies by emerging market firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a dataset of 23,256 observations on firms from 32 countries spread over 11 years (2006–2016). Since only some firms undertake exports, the Heckman procedure is used to control for sample self-selection. In the first stage, we predict which firms will choose to export, and, in the second stage, we examine the factors driving the choice made by firms involved in exports between direct and indirect exports strategies.FindingsThe analyses reveal that firms are more likely to choose direct exports when institutional harshness is high and when they are from countries with low uncertainty avoidance. We also find that the strength of the relationship between institutional harshness and the choice of direct exports is moderated at high levels of uncertainty avoidance.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this study's empirical models account for many firm-level factors as well as home country differences discussed in the literature, we acknowledge there could be other temporal, firm or country idiosyncratic factors not included in our analysis driving the key choices examined in the paper.Originality/valueThis study makes three contributions to exporting literature. First, it highlights the drivers of the choice between direct and indirect exports. This choice is an important facet of exporting strategy and has received scant attention in prior IB research. Second, it demonstrates how the choice between direct and indirect exports is impacted by the degree of the home country's institutional harshness and uncertainty avoidance. Third, it offers insights on how the interaction of formal and informal home market institutional factors influences export strategy.

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Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home country institutional impact on the choice of direct vs indirect exports: an emerging markets perspective

Elango

Pangarkar

2020

IMR

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“…First, due to the fact that it is less risky compared to foreign direct investment and requires fewer resources. Second, it allows companies to possess some advantages of their own countries, such as less production expenses and not being obliged to transfer technology (Elango and Pangarkar, 2020; Elliott et al , 2019; Nuruzzaman et al , 2019). Altogether, export is so important in competitiveness that Kargar (2020) regards competitiveness at the national level as equivalent to the notion of competitive advantage in the exported products.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a scale for export competitiveness: a mixed method approach in the minerals industry in Iran

Shafiee

Zadeh

2023

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Purpose This study aims to identify the main factors affecting export competitiveness and its barriers, focusing on the minerals industry so that a scale is achieved for measuring export competitiveness in this industry. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted with a mixed method approach in the minerals industry. Among the active companies involved in this industry, 34 export companies and export management companies were selected and evaluated. In the qualitative phase, 18 experts and managers of the industry were interviewed to identify the factors affecting the export competitiveness of these companies and the barriers ahead of them. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was distributed among 412 managers and experts in this industry to categorize the identified factors and to measure the relationships among them. For data analysis in the qualitative phase, theme analysis was used. For the quantitative phase, factor analysis and structural equation modeling were adopted. Findings In addition to identifying the main components affecting the competitiveness of companies in exporting minerals as well as the main barriers ahead of them, the findings of the current research categorized these components using factor analysis. These components were categorized into factors, such as manufacturing factors, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, structural factors, competitive strategy and governmental supports. Afterward, their impacts on export competitiveness were measured and supported. Originality/value Although some studies have been conducted to examine the competitiveness in different industries, no research has been found that has examined and identified the main factors affecting export competitiveness and their impacts in the minerals industry with a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The findings of this research may help managers and policymakers, at the industrial and national levels, to reach a scale for assessing the export companies involved in this industry by identifying the most essential factors of export competitiveness of minerals. Furthermore, the findings of this research can act as a model for future researchers to develop a scale for export competitiveness in other industries.

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“…For instance, as stated in the literature, the disparity between nations' resource endowments makes foreign trade possible [ 26 ]. When countries trade with each other, both exporting and importing countries are benefited from it [ 27 ]. In addition, the international market also helps to understand the business.…”

Section: Conceptual Framework and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export knowledge, export commitment and coffee export performance in Ethiopia

Negeri

2023

Heliyon

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Importing exporters and exporting importers: A study of the decision of Chinese firms to engage in international trade

Cited by 18 publications

References 87 publications

Home country institutional impact on the choice of direct vs indirect exports: an emerging markets perspective

Home country institutional impact on the choice of direct vs indirect exports: an emerging markets perspective

Developing a scale for export competitiveness: a mixed method approach in the minerals industry in Iran

Export knowledge, export commitment and coffee export performance in Ethiopia

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