Improved Map Scaling Methods for Small Turbocharger Compressors

Ernst, Benedikt; Kammeyer, Jasper; Seume, Joerg R.

doi:10.1115/gt2011-45345

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The compressors that were used in this study were derived from an Aeristech electric supercharger, which is able to reach a pressure ratio of 2.8 [15]. The experimental data that were used were adapted to this configuration by applying a reliable scaling method to adapt the compressor and the turbine to the size of the stack and the requirement of air mass flow [16][17][18].…”

Section: Compressor and Turbine Scaling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Turbocharging and Supercharging Options for High-Efficiency Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

et al. 2018

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Mass-produced, off-the-shelf automotive air compressors cannot be directly used for boosting a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) application in the same way that they are used in internal combustion engines, since the requirements are different. These include a high pressure ratio, a low mass flow rate, a high efficiency requirement, and a compact size. From the established fuel cell types, the most promising for application in passenger cars or light commercial vehicle applications is the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), operating at around 80 °C. In this case, an electric-assisted turbocharger (E-turbocharger) and electric supercharger (single or two-stage) are more suitable than screw and scroll compressors. In order to determine which type of these boosting options is the most suitable for FCV application and assess their individual merits, a co-simulation of FCV powertrains between GT-SUITE and MATLAB/SIMULINK is realised to compare vehicle performance on the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) driving cycle. The results showed that the vehicle equipped with an E-turbocharger had higher performance than the vehicle equipped with a two-stage compressor in the aspects of electric system efficiency (+1.6%) and driving range (+3.7%); however, for the same maximal output power, the vehicle’s stack was 12.5% heavier and larger. Then, due to the existence of the turbine, the E-turbocharger led to higher performance than the single-stage compressor for the same stack size. The solid oxide fuel cell is also promising for transportation application, especially for a use as range extender. The results show that a 24-kWh electric vehicle can increase its driving range by 252% due to a 5 kW solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack and a gas turbine recovery system. The WLTP driving range depends on the charge cycle, but with a pure hydrogen tank of 6.2 kg, the vehicle can reach more than 600 km.

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Section: Compressor and Turbine Scaling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Turbocharging and Supercharging Options for High-Efficiency Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

et al. 2018

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“…The laws can yield comparable results for differently sized turbomachinery; however, an exact match between the similar turbomachinery cannot be achieved [12]. Therefore, to simplify the scaling of turbomachinery, it can be assumed for small scaling factors of diameter that the Reynolds number can be free to vary and that the gas-specific properties of the flow are constant [13].…”

Section: Turbocharging Map Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing this assumption with Figure 2, it is clear that a significant change to the corrected shaft speed would be needed to affect the efficiency results. An analysis by Ernst et al [12] demonstrated that "for small trim variations (4%) the changes in pressure ratio and efficiency are negligible" and therefore scaling for efficiency should only be considered for large variations in trim (24%).…”

Section: Turbocharging Map Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Investigation of the Performance of an Engine Equipped with an Advanced Axial Turbocharger Turbine

2020

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Stringent emission regulations and increased demand for improved fuel economy have called for advanced turbo technologies in automotive engines. The use of turbochargers on smaller engines is one such concept, but they are limited by a time delay in reaching the required boost during transient operation. The amount of turbocharger lag plays a key role in the driver’s perceived quality of a passenger vehicle’s engine response. This paper investigates an alternative method to the conventional design of a turbocharger turbine to improve the transient response of a passenger vehicle. The investigation utilises the Ford Eco-Boost 1.6 L petrol engine, an established production engine, equipped with a turbocharger of similar performance to the GT1548 produced by Honeywell. The commercially available Ricardo WAVE was used to model the engine. Comparing the steady-state performance showed that the axial turbine provides higher efficiencies at all operating conditions of an engine. The transient case demonstrated an improved transient response at all operating conditions of the engine. The study concluded that, by designing a similar sized axial turbine, the mass moment of inertia can be reduced by 12.64% and transient response can be improved on average by 11.76%, with a maximum of 21.05% improvement. This study provides encouragement for the wider application of this turbine type to vehicles operating on dynamic driving cycles such as passenger vehicles, light commercial vehicles, and certain off-road applications.

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“…35,36 However, although the influence of the Reynolds number on pressure is small, 37 the effects on efficiency can be significant. 38,39 In order to address efficiency problems, Ernst et al 40 propose an empirical method for a centrifugal compressor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensionless quantification of small radial turbine transient performance

Deng

Pennycott

Zhang

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Turbochargers are inherently dynamic devices, comprising internal flow volumes, mechanical inertias and thermal masses. When operating under transient conditions within an engine system, these dynamics need to be better understood. In this paper, a new non-dimensional modelling approach to characterise the turbocharger is proposed. Two new dimensionless quantities are defined with respect to mechanical and thermal transient behaviour, which are used in conjunction with the Strouhal number for flow transients. The modelling approach is applied to a small wastegated turbocharger and validated against experimental results. The model is used to simulate the turbocharger mass flow rate, turbine housing temperature and shaft speed responses to different excitation frequencies for different sizes of turbine. The results highlight the influence of turbocharger size on the dynamic behaviour of the system, which is particularly marked for the turbine housing temperature. At certain frequency ranges, the system behaviour is quasi-steady, allowing modelling through static maps in these operating regions. Outside these ranges, however, transient elements play a more important role. The simulation study shows that the proposed dimensionless parameters can be used to normalise the influence of turbine size on the dynamic response characteristics of the system. The model and corresponding dimensionless parameters can be applied in future simulation studies as well as for turbocharger matching in industry.

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Improved Map Scaling Methods for Small Turbocharger Compressors

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

An Evaluation of Turbocharging and Supercharging Options for High-Efficiency Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

An Evaluation of Turbocharging and Supercharging Options for High-Efficiency Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Preliminary Investigation of the Performance of an Engine Equipped with an Advanced Axial Turbocharger Turbine

Dimensionless quantification of small radial turbine transient performance

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