“…In summary, we demonstrated an approach that can simultaneously enhance the light absorption, catalytic efficiency, and durability of GaInP 2 photocathodes in the HER of solar water splitting by collaboratively exploiting corrosion-resistant surface stoichiometry and structurally tailored reactive interface. The sulfur treatment has been demonstrated effective for passivating the surface states and suppressing the surface recombination in a wide range of semiconductor materials 37,41,42 . We therefore expect our approach capitalizing the synergistic effect of surface nanostructure and corrosion-resistant surface stoichiometry would be broadly applicable to various semiconductor photoelectrodes (e.g., III–V, III-N) and electrochemical reactions (e.g., oxygen evolution reaction (OER), CO 2 reduction) that can benefit from simultaneously enhanced light absorption, catalytic efficiency, and corrosion resistance, all without solely relying on the development of new protective materials, thereby offering practical pathways towards high efficiency, high durability PEC solar water splitting.…”