Improvement effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed deterioration and yield

Abstract

In order to study the effect of seed deterioration, plant density and nitrogen fertilizer application on yield, yield components and somequalitative traits of wheat, a field experiment was conducted in Golestan province of Iran, as split factorial in the randomized completeblock design, with four replications in two growing seasons, 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The experimental treatments included seedquality at 4 levels (control, 15, 30, and 45 hours of accelerated deterioration), plant density at two levels (350 and 420 plants/m) and nitrogen consumption at 3 levels (recommended rate, 15 and 30 percentages higher than the recommended rate, i.e., 125, 143.75, and162.5 kg N fertilizer ha, respectively). All quantitative traits (plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, number of spikeletsper spike, weight of 1000 seed, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index) and quality traits (yield and protein content,nitrogen content, yield and starch content) were significantly different in different years. Application of recommended rate of nitrogenfertilizer in the first and the second year resulted in the highest average of number of seeds per spike and spike length. The highestgrain yield was achieved in the recommended and 30% higher than the recommended application rate of nitrogen fertilizer (4061.9 and4166.3 kg/ha, respectively) in the second year. Seed deterioration caused a significant reduction in yield and the yield components, sothe highest level of seed deteriorations in the first and the second years decreased 34.11 and 22.63% of the grain yield compared tothe control treatment. The highest protein content was achieved in the second year with the application of nitrogen 30% higher than therecommended rate (with a mean of 623.6 kg/ha), which increased by about 23% compared to the overall average. Seed deteriorationreduced the starch content, so that the highest mean was in non-deterioration in the second year (68.13%), which increased by 10%compared with that of the overall average. The lowest starch content was achieved at the highest level of deterioration (45 hours) in thefirst year (55.63%). In general, the results indicated that seed deterioration had negative effects on quantitative and some qualitativetraits, but the application of more nitrogen fertilizer and higher plant density reduced the negative effects of deterioration and improvedgrain yield and quality.

Effect of seeding, Belcocel and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of wheat under North Sinai conditions

“…The increase in grain yield per feddan owing to the highest seeding rate may be attributed to it gave the highest values of number of spike/m 2 (Table 3), spike length (Table 4) and number of grain/spike (Table 5) which led to raising grain yield per feddan. These results are in harmony with those of Mosanaei et al (2017), Julio et al (2017) and Masuma et al (2017).…”

“…Seeding rate play an important role in the placement of seed at proper depth and stand establishment of the growing crop which ultimately affected crop growth and productivity. Mosanaei et al (2017), Julio et al . (2017) and Masuma et al .…”

Wheat Varietal Response to Relative SPAD Index (RSI) and Relative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (RNDVI) under Variable Nitrogen Application and Terminal Heat Stress along with Yield Repercussion

“…Our results showed that N fertilization had a significant impact on all agro-physiological and yield-related traits. PH generally increased with increases in the N application rate due to elongation of the nodes in the wheat crop [40]. Differences in genetic makeup of different varieties is one of main attributes responsible for variation in PH.…”

Influence of mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on nitrogen use efficiency correlated with yield and yield components of wheat

“…It has been reported that nitrogen fertilizers had a significant effect on grain yield and the 1000grain weight, and this significant increase was observed when up to 150 kg N/ha were used in traits (2). Nitrogen fertilizers have a significant effect on quantitative traits of wheat such as grains/spike, spikelets/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index (3). Plants provide carbon sources needed by the fungus and the fungus supports water and nutrients from the soil to plants.…”