2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.012
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Improvement of flow and bulk density of pharmaceutical powders using surface modification

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Cited by 145 publications
(72 citation statements)
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“…10 The extent of the flow improvements for very fine ibuprofen powders that were simultaneously dry coated as compared with uncoated ones was outstanding, for example, flow function coefficient (FFC; a significant measure of flow property based on shear testing 11 ) for 10 :m ibuprofen increased 10 from about 1 to 6, which is a significant achievement as compared with that observed in dry coating performed without micronization, [12][13][14][15][16] for example, similar sized acetaminophen powder had FFC of about 2 and after dry coating increased to a little over 3. 15,17 Thus, it appears that the flow improvement phenomena because of dry coating during milling may be somewhat different, and in addition to silica creating separation, or more precisely, nanoscale surface roughness, 3,13 it may also be reducing overall surface energy as well as surface energy heterogeneity via passivating high-surfaceenergy sites on milled ibuprofen powders, leading to significantly improved flow properties. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to examine this intriguing possibility through a systematic investigation of the influence of dry coating on surface energy of milled pharmaceutical crystals, in particular, the reasons for very high cohesion of milled powders in contrast to the improvements observed after dry coating.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…10 The extent of the flow improvements for very fine ibuprofen powders that were simultaneously dry coated as compared with uncoated ones was outstanding, for example, flow function coefficient (FFC; a significant measure of flow property based on shear testing 11 ) for 10 :m ibuprofen increased 10 from about 1 to 6, which is a significant achievement as compared with that observed in dry coating performed without micronization, [12][13][14][15][16] for example, similar sized acetaminophen powder had FFC of about 2 and after dry coating increased to a little over 3. 15,17 Thus, it appears that the flow improvement phenomena because of dry coating during milling may be somewhat different, and in addition to silica creating separation, or more precisely, nanoscale surface roughness, 3,13 it may also be reducing overall surface energy as well as surface energy heterogeneity via passivating high-surfaceenergy sites on milled ibuprofen powders, leading to significantly improved flow properties. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to examine this intriguing possibility through a systematic investigation of the influence of dry coating on surface energy of milled pharmaceutical crystals, in particular, the reasons for very high cohesion of milled powders in contrast to the improvements observed after dry coating.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…14 Overall, such models show that the presence of nanosized guest particles on the API particle surface in a welldispersed manner can influence the contact geometry by changing the surface roughness. [12][13][14][15][29][30][31] Thus, on the basis of Eq. 1, silica coating will clearly impact terms d and SAC, thus reducing the adhesion force.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is the most commonly used test for powder flowability by means of angle of repose (36). The angle of repose was measured by a fixed funnel method (37).…”
Section: Angle Of Reposementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, the bulk density depends on both the density of powder particles and the spatial arrangement of particles in the powder bed (Jallo et al 2012). Tapped density (D t ) can be measured after mechanically tapping cylinder containing a powder sample (Santomaso et al 2003).…”
Section: Bulk and Tapped Density Of The Powdersmentioning
confidence: 99%