Improving relative depth judgments in augmented reality with auxiliary augmentations

Kytö, Mikko; Mäkinen, Aleksi; Häkkinen, Jukka; Oittinen, Pirkko

doi:10.1145/2422105.2422111

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In this study, with stereoscopic perception combined with relative size, declination of the slope did not occur. These results are consistent with those of a previous study, 24 in which the effect of relative size was found to have a similar influence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Based on anchored AAs, the position of the AOI can be deduced using relative distance cues between the AAs and the AOI. In a previous study, 24 AAs were found to improve relative depth judgments of AOIs in x-ray visualization. In this study, we investigated, further, how AAs should be added to improve the perception of objects at distances ranging from 6 to 10 m. Adding AAs to the scene creates relative size cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In addition, it has been shown previously that the AAs should be spatially close enough to the AOI to be detected rapidly. 24 The allowed disparity range from Panum's fusional range is denoted by α in Fig. 1. …”

Section: Depth Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 To address this problem, we use the auxiliary augmentation (AA) approach introduced by Kytö et al 24 AAs increase the interaction with the physical world and offer relative depth cues for the augmented object of interest (AOI). The AOI is the main object of interest such as an information label or an arrow in a wayfinding application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Stereoscopic depth perception in video see-through augmented reality within action space

Kytö

Mäkinen

Tossavainen

et al. 2014

J. Electron. Imaging

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Abstract. Depth perception is an important component of many augmented reality applications. It is, however, subject to multiple error sources. In this study, we investigated depth judgments with a stereoscopic video see-through head-mounted display for the purpose of designing depth cueing for systems that operate in an individual's action space. In the experiment, we studied the use of binocular disparity and relative size to improve relative depth judgments of augmented objects above the ground plane. The relative size cue was created by adding auxiliary augmentations to the scene according to constraints described in the section on the underlying theory. The results showed that binocular disparity and relative size improved depth judgments over the distance range. This indicates that for accurate depth judgments, additional depth cues should be used to facilitate stereoscopic perception within an individual's action space.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Depth Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Stereoscopic depth perception in video see-through augmented reality within action space

Kytö

Mäkinen

Tossavainen

et al. 2014

J. Electron. Imaging

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…And, while we believe it is generally desirable for AR users to easily understand distances to points of interest, this is especially valuable when the points are not directly visible, and therefore no real-world depth cues are available (Dey & Sandor, 2014;Kytö, Mäkinen, Häkkinen, & Oittinen, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visually Perceived Distance Judgments: Tablet-Based Augmented Reality Versus the Real World

Swan

Kuparinen

Rapson

et al. 2016

International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

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Does visually perceived distance differ when objects are viewed in augmented reality (AR), as opposed to the real world? What are the differences? These questions are theoretically interesting, and the answers are important for the development of many tablet-and phone-based AR applications, including mobile AR navigation systems. This paper presents a thorough literature review of distance judgment experimental protocols, and results from several areas of perceptual psychology. In addition to distance judgments of real and virtual objects, this section also discusses previous work in measuring the geometry of virtual picture space, and considers how this work might be relevant to tablet AR.Then, the results of two experiments are presented, where observers bisected egocentric distances of 15 and 30 meters in tablet-based AR and in the real world, in indoor corridor and outdoor field environments. In AR, observers bisected the distances to virtual humans, while in the real world, they bisected the distances to real humans. This is the first reported research that directly compares distance judgments of real and virtual objects in a tablet AR system. Four key findings were: (1) In AR, observers expanded midpoint intervals at 15 meters, but compressed midpoints at 30 meters. (2) Observers were accurate in the real world. (3) The environmental setting-corridor or open field-had no effect.(4) The picture perception literature is important in understanding how distances are likely judged in tablet-based AR. Taken together, these findings suggest the depth distortions that AR application developers should expect with mobile and especially tablet-based AR.

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Design and analysis of depth cues on depth perception in interactive mixed reality simulation systems

Wang

et al. 2021

J Soc Info Display

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Implementing an interactive mixed reality simulation system is an economical and risk‐free method for skill training. However, research to enhance the accuracy of mixed reality simulation has always been a challenge. One of the key indicators of a simulation's accuracy is the user's depth perception. Adding depth cues to the simulation scene can effectively increase the accuracy of depth perception. Therefore, in this study, we designed five depth cues to find the one most beneficial for depth perception: (1) depth bar, (2) location ball, (3) fixed window, (4) 3D wireframe, and (5) movable silhouettes. These depth cues were tested using an experimental system with two sets of experimental settings. The first experiment compared the five depth cues at five different viewing distances and showed that the movable silhouettes benefited depth perception accuracy the most. The second experiment compared depth perception accuracies among three different horizontal tilt settings, showing that depth perception accuracy is dependent on the horizontal tilt. Furthermore, different depth perception accuracies were obtained with and without depth cues, proving that the effects from the horizontal tilts were independent of depth cues. The results of these studies provide references for designing interactive mixed reality simulation systems.

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Improving relative depth judgments in augmented reality with auxiliary augmentations

Cited by 21 publications

References 61 publications

Stereoscopic depth perception in video see-through augmented reality within action space

Stereoscopic depth perception in video see-through augmented reality within action space

Visually Perceived Distance Judgments: Tablet-Based Augmented Reality Versus the Real World

Design and analysis of depth cues on depth perception in interactive mixed reality simulation systems

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