Improving the energy efficiency of WSN by using application-layer topologies to constrain RPL-defined routing trees

Abstract

The deployment of thousands of tiny devices inter-networked together and accessible through the Internet is the result of the increasing trend towards enabling the concepts of Internet-of-Things. As these devices may be scattered in a unplanned way, a routing protocol is needed. The RPL protocol is the IETF proposed standard protocol for IPv6-based multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). RPL requires that communication paths go through a central router which may provide suboptimal paths, making no distinction of the applications the nodes run. To address these issues, an Application-Driven extension to RPL is proposed which enables the increase of the WSN lifetime by limiting the routing and forwarding functions of the network mainly to nodes running the same application. This paper evaluates the proposed solution coded in ContikiOS by means of Cooja simulations, and compares it against regular RPL. Simulation results confirm that the proposed solution provides lower energy consumption, lower end-to-end delays, and lower total number of packets transmitted and received.

Energy Efficient QoS guaranteed Cross Layer Solution (EEQCL) for Mesh Backbone IOT Networks

“…The RPL requires that the communication paths pass through a central router that can provide subroutine routes, leaving no distinction between the applications run by nodes. In [8] author proposed an application driven extension to RPL with a goal to increase the life time of WSN. It does so by limiting the routing and forwarding functions of the network.…”

Synchronization of application-driven WSN

“…The application-driven WSN paradigm [6] assumes that each application defines its own network and set of nodes so that the exchange of information can be confined to the nodes associated to the application. The nodes share information about the applications they run and their duty cycles, and nodes are put asleep when there is no activity related to their applications.…”

“…In [6] and in [7], two different applications were used in three different scenarios, being the nodes distributed as shown in Fig. 28.…”

“…In [6], we presented a new paradigm, the applicationdriven WSN paradigm, as a cross-layer solution aimed to help reducing the energy consumed by a network of sensors executing a set of applications. This paradigm assumes that each application defines its own network and set of nodes so that the exchange of information can be confined to the nodes associated to the application.…”

Energy-efficient node selection in application-driven WSN

“…The DAG creation scheme will use mainly the nodes running the same application; the nodes not associated to the application will not participate in DAG creation process, in a first attempt [28]. Algorithm 1 shows how to create DAGs in our solution.…”