In-air PIXE set-up for automatic analysis of historical document inks

Budnar, M.; Simčič, J.; Rupnik, Zdravko; Uršič, Mitja; Pelicon, Primož; Kolar, Jana; Strlič, Matija

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.025

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…It may be mentioned here that Cu ions from vitriol in IGI are reported to have greater destructive effect on manuscripts than those of iron 15 . M1 showed the presence of only 0.2 mg/g of Cu against 4.1 mg/g reported for IGI 14 . The trace amount of Cu in Mahi, possibly of cow urine or herbal origin, may also remain complexed with polyphenols and hence cannot degrade the manuscript.…”

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confidence: 61%

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Mahi:A Unique Traditional Herbal Ink of Early Assam

Goswami

Das

et al. 2017

Current Science

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both the kaTapayAdi and ArybhaTa's systems. This protocol is reliable and free from any kind of defect. It will go a long way in helping researchers in the field of history of Indian mathematics and astronomy, who constantly deal with such decryption processes. The automated process would not only render correctly decoded numbers, but will also speed-up the research work. Mahi, a unique herbal ink prepared with cow urine as extractant, was used for manuscript writing in early Assam. The ink had a deep and fast colour and was persistent on Sancipat manuscripts due to its resistance to aerial oxidation and fungi. It was also noncorrosive unlike the corrosive acidic iron gall ink of contemporary Europe. The present study was aimed at analysing the physico-chemical properties of Mahi, including its special properties. The study includes phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial assay, UVvisible with fluorescence analysis, iron and copper estimation and identification of some polyphenols by HPLC-UV.

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confidence: 61%

“…Hence, the iron content of M1 was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy as 5.4 mg/g of the solid sample of Mahi, which is much less than 31.9 mg/g reported for IGI 14 . A low iron content of Mahi is expected as only a few rusted iron nails were used for its preparation, unlike IGI where up to 15-20% green vitriol (FeSO 4  7H 2 O) was used.…”

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confidence: 83%

Mahi:A Unique Traditional Herbal Ink of Early Assam

Goswami

Das

et al. 2017

Current Science

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“…Medieval recipes for iron gall ink utilised iron(II) sulfate (green vitriol) and sometimes also copper(II) sulfate (blue vitriol) along with gallotannic acid (from galls) and a gum Arabic binder (48). These sulfate salts were probably not pure and may have been mixed with other metal salts including zinc(II) sulfate (or white vitriol) as it is known that some pre18th century historical inks contained more zinc than iron (47,(49)(50)(51). In the carnation areas lead (from lead white) is the predominant element, but small amounts of iron and zinc can also be detected (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Raman microscopy and x-ray fluorescence analysis of pigments on medieval and Renaissance Italian manuscript cuttings

Burgio

Clark

Hark

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Italian medieval and Renaissance manuscript cuttings and miniatures from the Victoria and Albert Museum were analyzed by Raman microscopy to compile a database of pigments used in different periods and different Italian regions. The palette identified in most manuscripts and cuttings was found to include lead white, gypsum, azurite, lazurite, indigo, malachite, vermilion, red lead, lead tin yellow (I), goethite, carbon, and iron gall ink. A few of the miniatures, such as the historiated capital “M” painted by Gerolamo da Cremona and the Petrarca manuscript by Bartolomeo Sanvito, are of exceptional quality and were analyzed extensively; some contained unusual materials. The widespread usage of iron oxides such as goethite and hematite as minor components of mixtures with azurite is particularly notable. The use of a needle-shaped form of iron gall ink as a pigment rather than a writing material was established by both Raman microscopy and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy for the Madonna and Child by Franco de’ Russi.

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“…The latter is quite a challenge due the extremely small quantity of metal point marks in comparison to the substrate (paper or parchment). Other research groups use the method as well for example for the analysis of historical documents [39] and (mural) paintings [33,40 -44].…”

Section: Painted Work Of Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive analysis and testing of museum objects: An overview of 5 years of research

Adriaens

2005

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

119

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This paper gives an overview of research in or associated with the pan-European network COST Action G8, which aims at achieving a better preservation and conservation of our cultural heritage by increasing the knowledge of art and archaeological objects through advanced chemical and physical analyses. The paper is focussed on the use of various analytical techniques for the examination of cultural heritage materials and includes research examples on painted works of art, ceramics, glasses, glazes and metals. In addition attention is drawn to advances in analytical instrumentation, for example the development of portable techniques to perform analyses on site, and to the need for collaboration between people directly involved in the field of cultural heritage and analytical scientists. D

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In-air PIXE set-up for automatic analysis of historical document inks

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Mahi:A Unique Traditional Herbal Ink of Early Assam

Mahi:A Unique Traditional Herbal Ink of Early Assam

Raman microscopy and x-ray fluorescence analysis of pigments on medieval and Renaissance Italian manuscript cuttings

Non-destructive analysis and testing of museum objects: An overview of 5 years of research

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