In from the Periphery: American Women in Science, 1830-1880

Extralaboratory Life: Gender Politics and Experimental Biology at Radcliffe College, 1894–1910

“…29 Both Elizabeth and Louis encouraged women to attend science lectures and summer nature study schools and to study at home or with museum curators. 30 An early WEA member attributed her interest in advocating for scientific education to 'studying at Professor Agassiz's School' where instruction was enlivened by 'original explorers, in special fields of learning or science'. There she learned 'how to think -how to investigate any subject within the range of my powers'.…”

Engaging the experts: Popular science education and breast cancer activism

“…Whether as independent researchers, textbook writers and illustrators, teachers, popularizers or as participants in local scientific study groups, women evolved many imaginative strategies throughout the nineteenth century to engage in scientific practices, particularly in fields related to natural history (Kohlstedt, 1978). Central to women's involvement in science during this period was the notion that science was relevant to everyday life.…”

The most difficult career: Women's history in science

“…It has gradually come to be recognized that women workers, both the unusually gifted, and those that are average, have made great contributions to substantive science (Meyer 1955, Ogilivie 1975, Kohlstedt 1978a, 1978b, Rossiter 1982, Haramundanis 1984, Outram 1984, chap. 9, Alic 1985, Abir-Am and Outram 1987.…”

“…Nevertheless, Kohlstedt (1978b), Rossiter (1974Rossiter ( , 1982 and Abir-Am and Outram (1987) have pointed out by the 1880s sizeable numbers of women were in fact employed in science. But, it is important to note that such women were generally to be found in low-paid, low-prestige posts, and in the more mathematically based sciences were conspicuous by their absence.…”

“…For example, the first generation of women scientists selected and trained their own proteges to succeed them (e.g. Kohlstedt 1978aKohlstedt , 1978b; later women smoothed the way for others in government and industry. Women also founded their own scientific organizations through local all-women scientific clubs.…”