“…Various studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the FRCM in strengthening URM structures, such as FRCM-confined masonry columns (Cascardi et al, 2018;Fossetti and Minafo`, 2017;Krevaikas, 2019;Mezrea et al, 2017), FRCM-strengthened URM walls under in-plane and out-of-plane actions (Augenti et al, 2011;Babaeidarabad et al, 2015;Ismail et al, 2018;Marcari et al, 2017;Papanicolaou et al, 2008;Parisi et al, 2013;Prota et al, 2006;Sagar et al, 2017), and FRCM-strengthened arches and vaults (Carozzi et al, 2018;Garmendia et al, 2015;Giamundo et al, 2015;Ramaglia et al, 2016). These investigations indicated that the carrying and deformation capacities of URM structures or members are effectively improved after FRCM strengthening.…”