In Search for Anchors The Fundamental Motivational Force in Compensating for Human Vulnerability

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop a new integrative theory of motivation drawn from the existing theories and data. The method used is a combination of meta-ethnography and grounded theory. The second phase of the study employed a thought experiment to test the newly developed theoretical propositions of motivational force. The first phase of the study revealed a central phenomenon for the occurrence of motivational force, i.e. "In Search for Anchors," which is a result of the paradox between freedom to choose and human vulnerability. "Freedom to choose" is the central factor of a motivational model that includes "urge," "challenge," "incentive," and "meaning." These five factors are motivational sources, which have holistic-dynamic-integrative interaction. Human vulnerability is the other side of the motivational model that comprises risk, uncertainty, and hope that ignite motivational force. The dynamic interaction of risk, uncertainty, and hope is represented in a mathematical formula that produces the strength of the force, (R -H)2 x U, which can be potrayed in a "twin-peak" curve. The thought experiment was conducted to test the hypothetical formula. The result shows that the "twinpeak" hypothesis is supported but the shape of the curve is found to be not symmetrical. The data show that hope is the strongest motivational force, therefore the formula is modified into = (R -U)2 x H. The implication of the study and the utility of the new theory are discussed.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah teori motivasi baru yang integratif, yang disusun berdasarkan teori-teori yang sudah ada dan data-data penelitian yang telah tersedia. Untuk itu diaplikasikan sebuah metode yang merupakan gabungan dari meta-ethnography dan grounded theory. Pada tahap ke dua dari studi ini, dilakukan eksperimen dengan metode thought experiment untuk menguji proposisi teoritis dari teori yang baru dirumuskan mengenai motivational force. Pada tahap pertama, studi ini mengungkap sebuah fenomena sentral untuk terjadinya motivational force, yaitu "In Search for Anchor," yang merupakan sebuah resultan dari sebuah paradoks antara freedom to choose dan human vulnerability. "Freedom to choose" adalah faktor utama dari model motivasi yang mencakup "urge," "challenge," "incentive," dan "meaning." Riyono et al. 230Kelima faktor tersebut adalah merupakan sumber-sumber motivasi, yang memiliki sifat hubungan yang "holistic-dynamic-integrative." Human vulnerability (ketidakberdayaan manusia) adalah sisi lain dari model motivasi tersebut yang terdiri dari risk, uncertainty, dan hope, yang memicu kekuatan motivasional (motivational force). Dinamika interaksi antara risk, uncertainty, dan hope dapat direpresentasikan oleh rumus matematis yang menghasilkan kekuatan motivasional, yaitu: (R -H) 2 x U, yang dapat digambarkan ke dalam kurva yang berpuncak ganda. Thought experiment dilakukan untuk menguji rumus hipotetis tersebut. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa puncak ganda yang dihipotesiskan didukung data, namun ditemuk...

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“…However, humans as individuals have the freedom to choose what they will do to overcome these vulnerabilities. One thing that can be done is to find something to depend on in order to survive and remain stable which in this case is referred to as "anchor" (Riyono et al, 2012).…”

“…As a person who believes in God, then God is the main ancor. There will be no doubt in it for an individual who believes in the existence of God (Riyono et al, 2012).…”

“…The motivation theory by Riyono et al (2012) explains that hoping and depending on God is the most important element of human motivation in facing many uncertainties and problems experienced, this can provide psychological peace to humans. Hope in God is something that must be owned by a Muslim.…”

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“…The measure used for the pre-test and post-test was The Anchor Personality Inventory which was developed based on the theory of anchors [18] The Anchor Personality Inventory consists of 40 items that represent four anchor orientations, i.e. (1) self-orientation; (2) others orientation; (3) material orientation; and (4) virtues orientation, with 10 items for each orientation.…”

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“…Some theories can explain the phenomenon of rejection to change. One theory is the theory "in search of anchor" (Riyono, 2012;Riyono, Himam, & Subandi, 2012). Anchors are values held by individuals when facing psychological in-equilibrium due to a stressor.…”