In-situ measurement of pyrolysis and combustion gases from biomass burning using swept wavelength external cavity quantum cascade lasers

Phillips, Mark C.; Myers, Tanya L.; Johnson, Timothy J.; Weise, David R.

doi:10.1364/oe.386072

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…CC BY 4.0 License. cascade lasers (Phillips et al, 2020), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as FTIR with the overall objectives of: i) using careful chemometric extraction from the acquired data to see what pyrolysis species can be identified by the techniques; ii) using the various methods to determine the degree of oxidation or combustion, i.e. pyrolysis characterization; iii) making first attempts to quantify the rates of evolution of pyrolysis products for certain plant species; and ideally; iv) determining if differences exist between the pyrolysis emissions / temporal profiles for different plant species.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple analytical techniques were used to study the fire characteristics as well as the gas effluents: thermocouples, Schmidt-Boelter flux sensor, nadir thermal IR camera and backgroundoriented Schlieren photography (Aminfar et al 2019) to estimate heat transfer / air flow around the plants, canister samples analyzed by GC/FID, quantum cascade (QC) infrared laser spectroscopy, (Phillips et al, 2020) as well as broadband Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A schematic overview of the experimental setup is seen in Figure 1c.…”

Section: Wind Tunnel and Experimental Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Infrared Gas Analysis from Longleaf Pine Fuelbeds Burned in a Wind Tunnel: Observation of Phenol in Pyrolysis and Combustion Phases

Banach¹,

Williams²,

Bradley³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Pyrolysis is the first step in a series of chemical and physical processes that produce flammable organic gases from wildland fuels that can result in a wildland fire. We report results using a new time-resolved Fourier transform infrared method that correlates the measured FTIR spectrum to an infrared thermal image sequence enabling identification and quantification of gases within different phases of the fire process. The flame from burning fuel beds composed of pine needles (Pinus palustris) and mixtures of sparkleberry, fetterbush and inkberry plants was the natural heat source for pyrolysis. Extractive gas samples were analyzed and identified in both static and dynamic modes synchronized to thermal infrared imaging: A total of 29 gases were identified including small alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, nitrogen compounds and aromatics, most previously measured by FTIR in wildland fires. This study presents one of the first identifications of phenol associated with both pre-combustion and combustion phases, using ca. 1 Hz resolution. Preliminary results indicate ~ 2.5× greater phenol emission from sparkleberry and inkberry compared to fetterbush, with differing temporal profiles.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wind Tunnel and Experimental Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Infrared Gas Analysis from Longleaf Pine Fuelbeds Burned in a Wind Tunnel: Observation of Phenol in Pyrolysis and Combustion Phases

Banach¹,

Williams²,

Bradley³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Only a few absorption features are generally accessible to any one CW laser, limiting the scope of their application to only a sub-set of the complex plasma processes that occur between species within a non-thermal environment. To increase the spectral coverage and hence the number of quantum states that can be probed via CW laser scanning, external cavity quantum-cascade lasers can be used to provide broader spectral coverage 14 , 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-comb spectroscopy of ammonia formation in non-thermal plasmas

Sadiek,

Fleisher,

Hayden

et al. 2024

Commun Chem

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Plasma-activated chemical transformations promise the efficient synthesis of salient chemical products. However, the reaction pathways that lead to desirable products are often unknown, and key quantum-state-resolved information regarding the involved molecular species is lacking. Here we use quantum cascade laser dual-comb spectroscopy (QCL-DCS) to probe plasma-activated NH3 generation with rotational and vibrational state resolution, quantifying state-specific number densities via broadband spectral analysis. The measurements reveal unique translational, rotational and vibrational temperatures for NH3 products, indicative of a highly reactive, non-thermal environment. Ultimately, we postulate on the energy transfer mechanisms that explain trends in temperatures and number densities observed for NH3 generated in low-pressure nitrogen-hydrogen (N2–H2) plasmas.

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“…Such NIR laser sensors have been successfully used for in situ and real-time measurement of the NH 3 -slip from a laminar premixed flame [40] and the SCR process in coal-fired thermal power plants [41,42] and diesel engines [43,44]. More sensitive NH 3 sensors could be developed by exploiting the stronger absorption transitions using extended NIR diode lasers near 2.3 µm [22,45,46] or mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers near 9.0/10.4 µm [47][48][49][50][51]. Although ppb level sensors have already been realized, sensor configurations with customized mid-infrared laser sources, mercury-cadmium-telluride (MCT) photodetectors and high precision laser controllers are still too costly for industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A laser absorption sensor for fuel slip monitoring in high-humidity flue gases from ammonia combustion

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Ammonia has been recently recognized as promising carbon-free fuel towards decarbonizing both the power and industrial heating sectors. However, fuel slip during ammonia combustion is of high concern because of the low reactivity and high toxicity of the chemical, motivating the development of sensitive sensor for real-time monitoring of ammonia emission in combustion flue gases. In this work, a near-infrared absorption spectroscopic sensor was developed for trace ammonia (NH3) measurements in high-temperature flue gas environments with water vapor (H2O) concentration as high as 40% (mole fraction), which is particularly suitable for monitoring fuel slip in ammonia combustion system. The sensor used a distributed feedback (DFB) laser to target the NH3 absorption line near 6612.73 cm-1. Proof-of-concept tests were conducted in a high-temperature multi-pass cell with a controlled temperature of 500 K and pressure of 1 atm. A custom-designed variable humidity generator was used to provide reference NH3/N2 mixture with controlled H2O concentration (10%-40%) to simulate ammonia combustion flue gases. Direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) were both used to ensure a relatively large dynamic range. H2O-induced broadening effects on the measured absorption profile were quantified. The developed sensor was firstly validated against NH3/N2 mixtures with different H2O concentrations with a lower detection limit of 70 ppb achieved. Real-time measurement of NH3 slip in the flue gases from CH4/NH3/air flames and CH4/NH3 co-firing industrial furnace were performed as a demonstration of the sensor for time-resolved ammonia monitoring with sufficient accuracy, sensitivity, and time response.

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In-situ measurement of pyrolysis and combustion gases from biomass burning using swept wavelength external cavity quantum cascade lasers

Abstract: In-situ measurement of pyrolysis and combustion gases from biomass burning using swept wavelength external cavity quantum cascade lasers," Opt. Express 28, 8680-8700 (2020)

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Dynamic Infrared Gas Analysis from Longleaf Pine Fuelbeds Burned in a Wind Tunnel: Observation of Phenol in Pyrolysis and Combustion Phases

Dynamic Infrared Gas Analysis from Longleaf Pine Fuelbeds Burned in a Wind Tunnel: Observation of Phenol in Pyrolysis and Combustion Phases

Dual-comb spectroscopy of ammonia formation in non-thermal plasmas

A laser absorption sensor for fuel slip monitoring in high-humidity flue gases from ammonia combustion

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