In Situ Polymerization of Graphene, Graphite Oxide, and Functionalized Graphite Oxide into Epoxy Resin and Comparison Study of On-the-Flame Behavior

Abstract

Starting from expandable graphite (EG), graphene, graphite oxide (GO), and organic phosphate functionalized graphite oxides (FGO) were prepared and incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) matrix via in situ polymerization to prepare EP based composites. The structure of the composites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy to show good dispersion without large aggregates. The thermal behavior investigated by thermogravimetric analysis indicated the EP/graphene composites show the highest onset temperature and maximum weight loss temperature compared with those added with GO and FGO. The flame retardant properties investigated by micro combustion calorimeter illustrate that both EP/graphene and EP/FGO composites perform better than EP/GO composites in flame retardant properties with a maximum reduction of 23.7% in peak-heat release rate when containing 5 wt % FGO and a maximum reduction of 43.9% at 5 wt % loading of graphene. This study represents a new approach to prepare functionalized GO with flame retardant elements to improve the flame retardancy of polymer and gives a way of application of graphene in enhancing thermal stabilities of polymer.

Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

“…They are formed from substances that can be covalently bonded to graphene, such as hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) [75], phenyl dichlorophosphate (PDCP) [76], hyperbranched cyclotriphosphazene polymer [77,78], organophosphorus oligomer [79], N-aminoethyl piperazine [80], silicon-phosphorus oligomer [81], phenyl-bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl) phosphamide [82], ionic liquidcontaining phosphonium [83] and 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo [2,2,2] octane (PEPA) [84]. Bao et al [75] made use of in situ polymerization to functionalize GO with HCCP which acts as a char-catalysing agent (Fig.…”

Preparation and Characterization of EG-Chitosan Nanocomposites via Direct Exfoliation: A Green Methodology

“…The most studied polymer nanocomposites are composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix, clay [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Co-precipitation synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/NiAl-layered double hydroxide hybrid and its application in flame retarding poly(methyl methacrylate)

“…It is clear that the addition of RGO in the PMMA leads to a 17% reduction in the PHRR and a 79% reduction in the PCOY, but shows little effect on TTI and ASEA. Such reduction may be attributed to the barrier effect of RGO in the matrix which slows down the combustion process [2] and [35]. For the PMMA/NiAl-LDH composite, a relatively lower reduction in the PHRR and PCOY is observed, but the TTI is increased to 34 s. The flame retardancy is attributed to the endothermic heat of the decomposition of LDH and the catalytic carbonization effect of the NiAl-oxide formed [36].…”