In situ reactive compatibilization of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends; synthesis and evaluation of extrusion blown films thereof

Palai, Bishwabhusana; Biswal, Manoranjan; Mohanty, Smita; Nayak, Sanjay K.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111748

Cited by 110 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Carbon dioxide produced from the disposal of those plastic wastes causes global warming or “greenhouse effect.” Recently, biodegradable bio‐based plastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), thermoplastic starch (TPS), and polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHAs), have received much attention in the full or partial replacement of petroleum‐based plastics owing to their renewability and reduced environmental impact. Among those, PLA has the potential to be the most commercially available biodegradable plastic derived from biomass with good mechanical properties, 1,2 easy processability, 1 and transparency 3,4 . However, its applications are limited owing to its brittleness, 1,2,5 poor thermal stability, 6 and high cost when compared with conventional plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of PLA with TPS is an alternative to reducing the cost of PLA‐based products. TPS is a hydrophilic 4,5,7,8 and ductile material 5,9 that is obtained from starch, which is cheap, renewable, sustainable, biodegradable, and compostable. The poor compatibility between PLA and TPS phases, resulting from their different polarities, is a major problem that brings poor mechanical and barrier properties to the final blends 4,10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of compatibilizers, for example, glycidyl methacrylate and benzoyl peroxide, 4 maleic anhydride, 12 polycaprolactone grafted with maleic anhydride and/or with glycidyl methacrylate 2 were employed to improve the interaction between PLA and TPS phases. In some cases, the reactive blending of PLA and TPS was performed in the presence of chemical substances, which eventually played roles as conjugating agents or compatibilizers, for example, glycidyl methacrylate and benzoyl peroxide 4 and epoxidized soybean oil 13 due to its economical production, in which simultaneous progression of chemical reaction and extrusion took place. Nevertheless, the toxicity from the remaining of unreacted chemicals and some compatibilizers limited the utilization of the resulting blends as food contact materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compatibility improvement of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch blown films using acetylated starch

Noivoil

Yoksan

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The present research aims to improve the compatibility between relatively hydrophobic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and hydrophilic thermoplastic starch (TPS) and the properties of the PLA/TPS blends by replacing TPS from native cassava starch (TPSN) with TPS from acetylated starch (TPSA). The effects of the degree of acetylation (DA) of acetylated starch, that is, 0.021, 0.031, and 0.074, on the morphological characteristics and properties of PLA/TPS blend are investigated. The melt blends of PLA and TPS with a weight proportion of PLA:TPS of 50:50 are fabricated and then blown into films. Scanning electron microscopy confirms the dispersion of TPS phase in the PLA matrix. Better dispersion and smaller size of the TPS phase are observed for the PLA/TPSA blend films with low DA of acetylated starch, resulting in improved tensile and barrier properties and increased storage modulus, thermal stability, and Tg, Tcc, and Tm of PLA. Elongation at break of the PLA/TPSA blend increases up to 57%, whereas its water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability decrease about 15%. The obtained PLA/TPSA blend films have the potential to be applied as biodegradable flexible packaging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compatibility improvement of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch blown films using acetylated starch

Noivoil

Yoksan

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The conformation and functionalization of biopolymers as potential substitutes for plastics derived from petroleum has recently gained momentum for a wide range of applications [1][2][3]. Important research and technological developments have been made in biopolymer blends as an alternative to plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blends Modified with Acid Agents

Caicedo¹,

Pulgarín²

2021

Processes

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In this work, we present a functionalization strategy of starch-poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends with organic acids. Lactic and acetic acid were used as acid agents, and oleic acid was also included in the previous acids, with the aim of finding a synergy that thermodynamically benefits the products and provides hydrophobicity. The ratio of starch and sorbitol was 70:30, and the added acid agent replaced 6% of the plasticizer; meanwhile, the thermoplastic starch (TPS)–PLA blend proportion was 70:30 considering the modified TPS. The mixtures were obtained in a torque rheometer at 50 rpm for 10 min at 150 °C. The organic acids facilitated interactions between TPS and PLA. Although TPS and PLA are not miscible, PLA uniformly dispersed into the starch matrix. Furthermore, a reduction in the surface polarity was achieved, which enabled the wettability to reach values close to those of neat PLA (TPS–L-PLA increased by 55% compared to TPS–PLA). The rheological results showed a modulus similar to that of TPS. In general, there were transitions from elastic to viscous, in which the viscous phase predominated. The first and second-order thermal transitions did not show significant changes. The structural affinity of lactic acid with biopolymers (TPS–L-PLA) allowed a greater interaction and was corroborated with the mechanical properties, resulting in a greater resistance with respect to pure TPS and blended TPS–PLA (28.9%). These results are particularly relevant for the packaging industry.

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“…In all cases, the introduction of TPS into polyester matrix caused significant reduction in mechanical properties and several attempts were made in order to improve the miscibility with biodegradable polyesters. For this purpose poly(ethyleneco-vinyl alcohol), maleic anhydride [13] as well as PCL [19], PLA [20], PBAT [21], grafted with maleic anhydride and /or glycidyl methacrylate were used. However, it was also proved that mechanical properties and morphology of the PBAT/TPS blend can be controlled solely by changing the compounding parameters [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electron-Beam Radiation and Other Sterilization Techniques on Structural, Mechanical and Microbiological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Blend

et al. 2020

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This work investigates the potential application of various sterilization methods for microorganism inactivation on the thermoplastic starch blend surface. The influence of the e-beam and UV radiation, ethanol, isopropanol and microwave autoclave on structural and packaging properties were studied. All the applied methods were successful in the inactivation of yeast and molds, however only the e-beam radiation was able to remove the bacterial microflora. The FTIR analysis revealed no significant changes in the polymer structure, nevertheless, a deterioration of the mechanical properties of the blend was observed. The least invasive method was the UV radiation which did not affect the mechanical parameters and additionally improved the barrier properties of the tested material. Moreover, it was proved that during the e-beam radiation the chain scission and cross-linking occurred. The non-irradiated and irradiated samples were subjected to the enzymatic degradation studies performed in the presence of amylase. The results indicated that irradiation accelerated the decomposition of material, which was confirmed by the measurements of weight loss, and mass of glucose and starch released to the solution in the course of biodegradation, as well as the FTIR and thermal analysis.

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In situ reactive compatibilization of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends; synthesis and evaluation of extrusion blown films thereof

Cited by 110 publications

References 57 publications

Compatibility improvement of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch blown films using acetylated starch

Compatibility improvement of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch blown films using acetylated starch

Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blends Modified with Acid Agents

Effect of Electron-Beam Radiation and Other Sterilization Techniques on Structural, Mechanical and Microbiological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Blend

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