In situ reduction study of cobalt model Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts

Plessis, Hester Esna du; Forbes, Roy P.; Barnard, Werner; Erasmus, Willem; Steuwer, A.

doi:10.1039/c3cp50274k

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…More specifically the results show that PDF analysis determined a Co loading of 22 wt% (confirmed by ICP-OES, 21 wt%) [47]. However, from Rietveld refinement finds only 15 wt% (68 % of the cobalt present in the sample).…”

Section: Ii2 Total Scattering or Pair Distribution Function Analysimentioning

confidence: 91%

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X-ray spectroscopic and scattering methods applied to the characterisation of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts

Herbert

Sénécal

Martin

et al. 2016

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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(2016) 'X-ray spectroscopic and scattering methods applied to the characterisation of cobalt-based FischerTropsch synthesis catalysts.', Catalysis science and technology., 6 (15). pp. 5773-5791. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6CY00581KPublisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: This review aims to critically assess the use of X-ray techniques, both of a scattering (e.g. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Pair Distribution Function (PDF)) and spectroscopic nature (X-ray Absorption spectroscopy (XAFS)), in the study of cobalt-based Fisher-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) catalysts. In particular, the review will focus on how these techniques have been successfully used to describe the salient characteristics of these catalysts that govern subsequent activity and selectivity, as well as to afford insight into deactivation phenomena that have seemingly stifled their application. We discuss how these X-ray-based techniques have been used to yield insight into the bulk structure, the catalyst surface, oxidation states, local (cobalt) geometry, and elemental composition of particles, primarily from a 1D perspective but we also highlight how, with recent developments in advanced X-ray characterisation methods, crucial information can now be obtained in 2D and 3D. The examples chosen focus on data acquired in situ/operando, under realistic operating conditions and during activation which often allow for obtaining a more relevant perspective on the changes in catalyst structure that accompany a change in catalyst performance. We conclude with a perspective on some of the challenges that beset the Co-based FTS technology and discuss how X-ray based techniques could be used to solve them.2

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Section: Ii2 Total Scattering or Pair Distribution Function Analysimentioning

confidence: 91%

“…[47] XAFS has always provided useful information on the diffraction silent material, and will continue to play a key role in this, although it is limited to bulk material. e) The effects that particle size has on all of the above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray spectroscopic and scattering methods applied to the characterisation of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts

Herbert

Sénécal

Martin

et al. 2016

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…For in situ catalysis studies XRPD can provide valuable insight into the reaction pathways and intermediate phases [5][6][7][8][9]. Since only average structure information is obtained, it is often useful to combine XRPD with a local structure technique such as pair distribution function analysis or X-ray absorption spectroscopy (described below).…”

Section: X-ray Powder Diffraction (Xrpd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inset shows one of the Al 2 O 3 particles (~80 lm) on which the cobalt oxides are deposited. Adapted from Reference [7] with permission from the PCCP Owner Societies.…”

Section: Example 2: Catalyst Active Phase Evolution From X-ray Difframentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fisher-Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst [7] Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, developed in 1925, is an important industrial process still used today to produce a variety of liquid hydrocarbons from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Al 2 O 3 supported cobalt oxide phases are commonly used as catalyst precursors but must undergo a reduction or activation treatment before FT synthesis can occur.…”

Section: Example 1: In Situ Reduction Study Of Cobalt Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering as a Tool for Characterising Catalysts on Multiple Length Scales

Hudspeth

Kvashnina

Kimber

et al. 2015

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Cet article fait partie du dossier thématique ci-dessous publié dans la revue OGST, Vol. 70, n°2, et téléchargeable ici D o s s i e rOil & Gas Science and Technology -Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles, Vol. 70 (2015), No. 3, Copyright © 2015, IFP Energies nouvelles > Editorial -Towards the Laboratory of the Future for the Factory of the FutureÉditorial -Vers le laboratoire du futur pour construire l'usine du futur Abstract -Optimising the properties of catalysts for industrial processes requires a detailed knowledge of their structure and properties on multiple length scales. Synchrotron light sources are ideal tools for characterising catalyts for industrial R&D, providing data with high temporal and spatial resolution, under realistic operating conditions, in a non-destructive way. Here, we describe the different synchrotron techniques that can be employed to gain a wealth of complementary information, and highlight recent developments that have allowed remarkable insight to be gained into working catalytic systems. These techniques have the potential to guide future industrial catalyst design.Résumé -La diffusion des rayons X synchrotron : un outil pour la caractérisation des catalyseurs sur les multiples échelles de longueur -Afin d'optimiser les propriétés des catalyseurs pour les processus industriels, il est nécessaire d'avoir une profonde connaissance de leurs structures et propriétés sur les multiples échelles de longueurs. Les sources de lumière synchrotron sont les outils idéaux pour la caractérisation des catalyseurs dans la R&D industrielle. Ils permettent d'étudier des processus catalytiques avec une haute résolution spatiale et temporelle, dans des conditions opératoires réelles, de façon non destructive. Nous décrivons ici les différentes méthodes synchrotrons qui peuvent être utilisées pour obtenir une grande quantité des données complémentaires, et souligner quelques développements récents avec lesquels on a gagné de nouvelles connaissances remarquables. Ces méthodes ont le potentiel de guider la conception des catalyseurs industriels du futur.

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Elucidating the Role of Bifunctional Cobalt‐Manganese Catalyst Interactions for Higher Alcohol Synthesis

Paterson¹,

Partington²,

Peacock³

et al. 2020

Eur J Inorg Chem

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Catalyst promoters are often used to tune or improve performance with little understanding as to how they work. Here we present a fundamental evaluation of cobalt‐manganese interactions in Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) catalysis and evaluate a new bifunctional catalyst for CO dissociation and CO insertion mechanisms. FT has gained considerable attention recently due to the potential to convert bio or municipal waste feeds into commercial fuels and chemicals. Products are commonly highly linear paraffins, but here we show how the role of manganese can tune selectivity for linear olefins and alcohols in a copper, iron and alkali metal free cobalt bifunctional catalyst. These products also have significant commercial value for lubricants, plasticizers, detergents and base chemicals. Advanced catalyst characterization is shown with in situ techniques (XRD, EXAFS, PDF & TEM), while the FT products are fully analysed by NMR, GC and GCxGC. The role of manganese during catalyst synthesis is reviewed while fundamental understanding of the formation of a mixed metal oxide spinel is presented. The Co–Mn interactions change during catalyst reduction, with EXAFS showing cobalt metal and MnO as the main species present.

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In situ reduction study of cobalt model Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

X-ray spectroscopic and scattering methods applied to the characterisation of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts

X-ray spectroscopic and scattering methods applied to the characterisation of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts

Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering as a Tool for Characterising Catalysts on Multiple Length Scales

Elucidating the Role of Bifunctional Cobalt‐Manganese Catalyst Interactions for Higher Alcohol Synthesis

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