In Vitro Acaricidal Activity ofAtropa belladonnaand Its Components, Scopolamine and Atropine, againstRhipicephalus(Boophilus)microplus

Abstract

In vitro efficacy of methanolic extract of Atropa belladonna and its components scopolamine and atropine was assessed against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Five concentrations of the extract (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) were used whereas scopolamine and atropine were each tested at 0.1%. In adult immersion test, the extract was lethal to ticks at 20% concentration. The LC50 and LC95 values were determined as 6.875% and 17.306%, respectively. The extract caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in egg mass production at 10% concentration. In larval packet test, the extract was lethal to larvae in the concentrations of 10% and 20% after 24 h, with LC50 and LC95 values of 1.321% and 4.935%, respectively. Scopolamine and atropine showed 93.3% and 60.0% mortality of adult ticks, respectively, but they caused complete (100%) blocking of hatching as well as 100% larval mortality. Scopolamine and atropine were observed to be more potent than the crude extract at an equivalent concentration in both the bioassays.

Acaricidal activity of three plants extracts from the central region of Burkina Faso on adult <I>Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus</I> cattle ticks

“…It shows that the quantities of eggs laid in the ticks treated decreased significantly (P <0.05) compared to the controls. These results corroborate with those of Godara et al (2014) who also found a 44.2% reduction in egg-laying with the methanolic extract of Atropa belladonna at 200 mg/mL. Similarly, another study showed more significant inhibitions of egg-laying of 96.9% and 89.3% at 200 mg/mL, respectively, with the ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum and Piper longum (Godara et al, 2018).…”

“…Relative to hatching rates for laid eggs, O. gratissimum had a maximum value of 24% and L. oloptera, 91.3% at the concentration of 200 mg/mL. These results are in agreement with those of Godara et al (2014), who achieved 100% inhibition of egg hatching with the methanolic extract of Atropa belladonna at 100 mg/mL. Likewise, Parveen et al (2014) showed 100% inhibition with the ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium at only 50 mg/mL.…”

“…Indeed, O. gratissimum and L. oloptera respectively caused maximum mortality rates of 30% and 56% at the concentration of 200 mg/mL with an LC50 of 197 mg/mL for L. oloptera. These values are low compared to those obtained with the methanolic extract of Atropa belladonna, which showed a mortality rate of 100% at 200 mg/mL and an LC50 of 68.75 mg/mL (Godara et al, 2014). Similarly, a mortality rate of up to 100% was obtained with the hydro-ethanolic extract of Murraya koenigii at 100 mg/mL with an LC50 of 29.7 mg/mL (Singh et al, 2015).…”

“…Likewise, the flavonoids could be responsible for the acaricidal activity of the ethanolic extract of Tagetes maxima (Parejo et al, 2004). Godara et al (2014) also reported that the alkaloids are implicated in the acaricide activity observed by the ethanolic extract of Atropa belladonna. Coumarins are known for their repulsive action against flies and ticks (Emilie, 2011).…”

Deltamethrin resistance in field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Jammu and Kashmir, India

“…Along with use of hosts with natural resistance to ticks, use of biological control agents and tick vaccines, exploration of the possibilities of using botanical acaricides has been identified as the future options. Recently, work on development of herbal acaricides has been initiated in our laboratory and promising results were achieved against ticks infesting domestic animals (Godara et al 2014a(Godara et al , b, 2015.…”