In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Celluclast-Assisted Extract of an Edible Brown Seaweed, Sargassum fulvellum

Abstract

It has been reported that enzymatic digestion of algae could improve the yield and enhance the biological activity compared to water and organic extraction. Our previous research indicated that Celluclast-assisted extract of Sargassum fulvellum (SF) possessed higher carbohydrate content and stronger antioxidant activity compared to water and other enzyme-assisted extracts. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from SF (SFPS) in vitro in Vero cells and in vivo in zebrafish. SFPS was obtained by Celluclast-assisted hydrolysis and ethanol precipitation. Results showed that SFPS contained 74.55 ± 1.26% sulfated polysaccharides and effectively scavenged 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and alkyl radicals. SFPS significantly and dose-dependently scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improved cell viability. Further studies indicated that SFPS reduced apoptotic body formation through downregulation of proapoptotic protein (Bax and cleaved caspase-3) levels and upregulation of antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-xL and PARP) levels in 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-treated Vero cells. In addition, SFPS showed strong protective effect against AAPH-stimulated oxidative stress in vivo in zebrafish, as demonstrated by the improved survival rate, reduced heart rate, and decrease in ROS, cell death, and lipid peroxidation levels. These results suggest that SFPS possesses strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and can be a potential ingredient in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.

The Potential of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Brown Seaweed Ecklonia maxima in Cosmetics: Antioxidant, Anti-melanogenesis, and Photoprotective Activities

“…Wang et al (2019) isolated sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed Sargassum fulvellum (SFPS) and investigated the effect of SFPS on AAPH-induced oxidative stress. The results indicated that SFPS effectively suppressed AAPH-induced oxidative stress in vitro in Vero cells and in vivo in zebrafish [ 42 ].…”

“…Thus, the inhibition of oxidative stress is thought to be a strategy to prevent these diseases as well as against aging. Various studies have reported that the sulfated polysaccharides isolated from seaweeds have antioxidant properties [13,14,26,42]. Wang et al (2020) isolated the sulfate polysaccharides (CFPS) from the enzymatic digest of Codium fragile and evaluated the antioxidant activity of CFPS [14].…”

A Critical Review of the Abilities, Determinants, and Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Seaweed Polysaccharides Antioxidants

“…They also play roles in repairing the damage caused by ROS [ 132 ] which, when induced by oxidative stress, inhibits cell proliferation and causes apoptosis that is also regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways [ 133 ]. Antioxidants protect against oxidative stress damage induced by the regulation of apoptotic-related signaling pathways [ 134 ] ( Table 4 and Figure 2 ).…”

“…Polysaccharides from Sargassum fulvellum showed dose-dependent potential for scavenging intracellular ROS in 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-treated monkey kidney fibroblasts (Vero) cells. It inhibited apoptosis by downregulating Bax and caspase-3 and upregulating Bcl-xL and PARP [ 134 ].…”

Protective Effect of Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Isolated from Ishige okamurae Against Particulate Matter-Induced Skin Damage by Regulation of NF-κB, AP-1, and MAPKs Signaling Pathways In Vitro in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

“…Ko et al (2016) purified peptides from Olive flounder and investigated their anti-hypertensive activity in in vitro and in vivo models [26]. Wang et al (2019) isolated sulfated polysaccharides from the brown seaweed, Sargassum fulvellum, and evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of the sulfated polysaccharides [27]. Pang et al (2018) isolated perylenequinone derivatives from marine sponge-derived fungus and investigated the anti-cancer activities of these compounds [28].…”