In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation of Drug-Eluting Implants for the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

Abstract

This paper developed solvent-free drug-eluting implants for metronidazole delivery for the treatment of periodontal disease and investigated the characteristics of the drug's release from the implants, both in vitro and in vivo, using an HPLC assay. The metronidazole exhibited a two-stage release behavior in vitro with an initial burst release followed by a diffusion-controlled release and then a secondary burst release. The accumulated drug release reached 100% on the 18th day, and the drug-eluting implant was totally dissolved on the same day. Additionally, the drug-eluting disks were implanted within the sub-gingival space of both lower incisors of six rabbits. The curve of in vivo drug release was smoother and showed a predominantly diffusion-controlled release. The implants were totally dissolved at 2 weeks after implantation. The concentration of metronidazole remained above the MIC(90) during the entire investigation.

Preclinical Experiments on the Release Behavior of Biodegradable Nanofibrous Multipharmaceutical Membranes in a Model of Four-Wall Intrabony Defect

“…The expected secondary burst release behavior (28), which results from degradation of polymeric carrier, is not seen. This may be due to the PLGA membranes providing a more even degradation behavior than the disk-shape biodegradable carrier can provide, which was discussed in the previous study (28).…”

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“…These used in a multitude of ways, from developing screws for bone fixation 61 -63 treating periodontal pathogens 64 and producing buccal mucosa 65 or indirect pulp-capping procedures 66,67 . PLGA can be used in periodontal treatment, for better local administration of antibiotics and to decrease the systemic side effects of general antibiotic delivery 68 in the form of PLGA implants, disks 69 , and dental films 70 .…”

The effect of metronidazole releasing polymer coatings on in vitro biofilm formation

“…In oral implantology, local drug release can be realized by an antimicrobial implant coating. In this respect, mechanical resistance, biocompatibility as well as a stable, continuous drug release are vital criteria for their success with regard to reduction of risk of the development of peri-implantitis [12] because biofilm is only occurred if the balance of bacteria is disturbed. This process is prevented by coating of implant surfaces.…”