In vitro and in vivo safety of aqueous extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther

Chung, Yun‐Chin; Chou, Su‐Tze; Jhan, Jyun‐Kai; Liao, Jiunn‐Wang; Chen, Shu-Ju

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.033

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We had shown that G. paraguayense showed no genotoxicity by using Ames test, in vitro chromosome aberration assay and in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Additionally, the acute oral toxicity and 28-day repeated feeding toxicity tests showed that the aqueous extract of G. paraguayense is generally considered to be safe, with an no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) value of 1.0 g/kg BW in rats (Chou et al [2005]; Chung et al [2012]). In earlier studies, we demonstrated several biological activities of G. paraguayense , including its dose-dependent inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of L-dopa (Huang et al [2005]), radical-scavenging and lipid peroxidation-preventive effects (Chung et al [2005]), and antihepatoma potential (Chen et al [2008]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization and antioxidative activity of four 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl (HMG)-substituted flavonoid glycosides from Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther

et al. 2015

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BackgroundGraptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther is a popular traditional Chinese herb and possesses several health benefits. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that G. paraguayense showed no genotoxicity and showed several biological activities. However, the constituents of G. paraguayense have not been studied yet. In this present study, we isolated and identified the constituents of the leaves of G. paraguayense E. Walther.ResultsA total of seven flavonoid compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract of G. paraguayense. The four major compounds isolated were flavonoid glucoside derivatives of quercetin (1, 3) and kampferol (2, 4), each presenting a 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl (HMG) substituent; compounds 3 and 4—the 2´´-acetyl derivatives of 1 and 2, respectively—are novel compounds isolated from nature for the first time. High-performance liquid chromatography for the quantitative analyses of the four major HMG-substituted flavonoid glycosides in G. paraguayense E. Walther were accomplished to acquire the high yields of 1–4 in the methanolic extract (4.8, 5.7, 4.3, and 2.5 mg/g, respectively). Furthermore, the antioxidant activities, including radical-scavenging, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effects of these isolated flavonoids were also evaluated. All seven of the isolated flavonoid compounds possessed antioxdative activity.ConclusionsIn this study of the constituents of the leaves of G. paraguayense E. Walther, we isolated four major components from its methanolic extract and determined their structures to be (acetylated) HMG-substituted flavonol glycosides, which are rare in nature. All seven of the isolated compounds possessed antioxdative activity, and those flavonoid compounds may be responsible for the functional ingredients in G. paraguayense. Further investigation of their bioactivities or pharmacological activities will be continued.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40529-015-0088-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization and antioxidative activity of four 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl (HMG)-substituted flavonoid glycosides from Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, the GP extract exerted a four-to six-fold stronger inhibitory potential on S. aureus than the BP ethanol extract (MIC ¼ 10 mg/mL) obtained from B. pinnatum Kurz [38]. Considering the estimated maximal dose without adverse effects (1 mg/kg bw) in rats for aqueous GP extracts [19], our result (MIC ¼ 2.5 mg/mL) suggests that systematic application of the GP extract for treatment of Grampositive bacterial infections could be problematic. Therefore, the GP extract could be developed as a topical antibacterial natural product.…”

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Total Gp Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published data [18] suggest that the GP polyphenolic fraction inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis and could be used for treatment of chronic HBV patients. In vivo studies on the toxicological safety of aqueous GP extract prove that it does not possess mutagenicity on mammalian erythrocyte micronuclei, acute lethal effect at max dose of 5 g/kg body weight (bw) in rats or adverse effects up to a dose of 1 g/kg (bw) [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Herpes Simplex virus and antibacterial activities of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther leaf extract: a pilot study

Zaharieva

Genova-Kalоu

Dincheva

et al. 2019

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther (GP) belongs to the Crassulaceae family and has several health benefits. In the present study we evaluated the cytotoxic, anti-Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) and antibacterial activities of a total methanol/water GP extract. The results from the cytotoxicity investigation of the tested extract showed a high cell tolerable concentration range. The GP extract demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the wild-type HSV-1 strain Victoria in a concentration of 0.0001 mg/mL equal to the maximal nontoxic concentration (with 97.5% protection of the cells). Regarding the acyclovir-resistant mutant HSV-2 strain PU and wild-type HSV-2 strain Bja, the antiviral activity and selectivity of the extract were very low, with EC 50 values from 0.1 to 0.01 mg/mL, and the selectivity index ranging from 25 to 250, respectively. The GP extract exhibited selective inhibitory activity also on the growth of Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, with Staphylococcus aureus being most sensitive. It also prevented the formation of MRSA biofilm up to 50% at a concentration of 1.6 mg/mL and up to 90% at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. The anti-herpetic and antibacterial activities demonstrated in our investigation are probably related to the presence of phenols, and in particular gallic acid. The antimicrobial activity of the GP extract holds a promise for the future development of nutrition supplements based on G. paraguayense and therefore warrants further studies aimed at isolating biologically active compounds or mixtures thereof with subsequent in-depth investigation of their anti-HSV and antibacterial mechanisms of action.

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“…Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther is a widely consumed plant food in Taiwan that belongs to the Crassulaceae family. G. paraguayense contains 95–96% water, 0.82% dietary fibre, 0.54% protein, 0.52% fat, and the total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins levels were in the range of 11–34 mg g −1 and 0.03–1.29 µmol L −1 , respectively . Many studies have demonstrated its biological activities, including the inhibition of tyrosinase, the prevention of lipid peroxidation; and its antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…G. paraguayense contains 95-96% water, 0.82% dietary fibre, 0.54% protein, 0.52% fat, and the total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins levels were in the range of 11-34 mg g −1 and 0.03-1.29 μmol L −1 , respectively. 6,7 Many studies have demonstrated its biological activities, including the inhibition of tyrosinase, 8 the prevention of lipid peroxidation; 7 and its antihypertensive, 9,10 hepatoprotective, 11 -13 and neuroprotective effects. 14 Recently, we demonstrated that water extract of G. paraguayense (WGP) could significantly reduce the levels of blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids in MS patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐inflammatory effect of water extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense supplementation in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a preliminary study

et al. 2015

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In vitro and in vivo safety of aqueous extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Chemical characterization and antioxidative activity of four 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl (HMG)-substituted flavonoid glycosides from Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther

Chemical characterization and antioxidative activity of four 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl (HMG)-substituted flavonoid glycosides from Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther

Anti-Herpes Simplex virus and antibacterial activities of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther leaf extract: a pilot study

Anti‐inflammatory effect of water extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense supplementation in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a preliminary study

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