In vitro assessment of adsorbents aiming to prevent deoxynivalenol and zearalenone mycotoxicoses

Abstract

The high prevalence of the Fusarium mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) in animal feeds in mild climatic zones of Europe and North America results in considerable economic losses, as these toxins affect health and productivity particularly of pigs from all age groups. The use of mycotoxin adsorbents as feed additives is one of the most prominent approaches to reduce the risk for mycotoxicoses in farm animals, and to minimise carry-over of mycotoxins from contaminated feeds into foods of animal origin. Successful aflatoxin adsorption by means of different substances (phyllosilicate minerals, zeolites, activated charcoal, synthetic resins or yeast cell-wall-derived products) has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. However, attempts to adsorb DON and ZON have been less encouraging. Here we describe the adsorption capacity of a variety of potential binders, including compounds that have not been evaluated before, such as humic acids. All compounds were tested at realistic inclusion levels for their capacity to bind ZON and DON, using an in vitro method that resembles the different pH conditions in the gastro-intestinal tract of pigs. Mycotoxin adsorption was assessed by chemical methods and distinct bioassays, using specific markers of toxicity as endpoints of toxicity in cytological assays. Whereas none of the tested substances was able to bind DON in an appreciable percentage, some of the selected smectite clays, humic substances and yeast-wall derived products efficiently adsorbed ZON (>70%). Binding efficiency was indirectly confirmed by the reduction of toxicity in the in vitro bioassays. In conclusion, the presented test protocol allows the rapid screening of potential mycotoxin binders. Like other in vitro assays, the presented protocol combining chemical and biological assays cannot completely simulate the conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract, and hence in vivo experiments remain mandatory to assess the efficacy of mycotoxin binders under practical conditions.

Organically modified clays as binders of fumonisins in feedstocks

“…This result confirms that clays are able to bind fumonisins as already attested for other mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, [23][24][25][26][27][28] zearalenone, [29,30] and deoxynivalenol. [30] On the other hand the Na montmorillonite Dellite LVF and the sodium fluorotetrasilisic mica synthetic Somasif MEE 100 adsorbed about 50 % of FB 2 but only 17.5 and 28.3, respectively, of FB 1 despite having about the same CEC and interlayer spacing as Cloisite Na. The different ability of the three clays to bind FB 1 could be attributed to other factors, for example particle size, as observed for the adsorption of aflatoxin on different clays.…”

Distribution of Glyphosate in Chicken Organs and its Reduction by Humic Acid Supplementation

“…Supplementing animal feeds with non-nutritive adsorbents as humic acid has proven to substantially reduce mycotoxicosis (Sabater-Vilar et al, 2007) and improved the performance, carcass, GIT and meat quality traits (Ozturk et al, 2011). In our study, the mortality was negligible with no difference between control and humic acid-treated group.…”

Evaluation of the effect of mycotoxin binders in animal feed on the analytical performance of standardised methods for the determination of mycotoxins in feed

“…Many studies have been performed to evaluate different commercial products intended to be used as mycotoxin binding agents and various aspects have been discussed [21,26,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Masoero et al [49] concluded that physical processing of feed, such as pelleting, had a significant effect on the ability of added sequestering agent to reduce levels of AFM1 in milk when cattle was fed with AFB1 contaminated feed [49].…”