In Vitro biological toxicity assessments for fire combustion products

Lestari, Fatma; Hayes, Amanda; Green, A. R.

doi:10.1533/9781845698072.3.346

Cited by 4 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In vitro toxicological techniques have demonstrated to be a practical, reliable, and advanced tool in toxicological investigations during the last decades 13–24. These techniques have become routine in product development, drug discovery, safety evaluation 24–31, and for predicting acute lethality in vivo 32.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many alternative methods have been validated and have gained regulatory acceptance by the OECD hence replacing animal tests such as the in vitro skin absorption tests 50, in vitro phototoxicity tests 51, 52, the in vitro skin corrosivity test, and the sensitizing properties test 51. The in vitro model has proven to be a useful, reliable, and advanced tool in toxicological investigations 13–29, 53–55. There is a universal consensus for toxicity testing of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics that the development of in vitro methods is necessary to comply with current and future regulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the in vitro exposure of airborne toxicants at the air/liquid interface has gained a special interest in order to simulate the exposure system as would occur in the human situation. The use of a defined pore size membrane in a specifically designed exposure chamber which introduces the airborne toxicants to human cells has been investigated 15–22, 24, 56, 57. The exposure method at the air/liquid interface has been shown to provide an effective contact between cells and the toxicants as well as being highly relevant to human exposure via the route of inhalation 15–22, 24, 56, 57.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a defined pore size membrane in a specifically designed exposure chamber which introduces the airborne toxicants to human cells has been investigated 15–22, 24, 56, 57. The exposure method at the air/liquid interface has been shown to provide an effective contact between cells and the toxicants as well as being highly relevant to human exposure via the route of inhalation 15–22, 24, 56, 57. Previous researchers 15, 16 have indicated that comparison between IC 50 values generated from in vitro methods using a direct exposure technique at the air/liquid interface and published combustion LC 50 toxicity data revealed that in vitro results showed greater sensitivity than the conventional animal toxicity experiments 16, 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure method at the air/liquid interface has been shown to provide an effective contact between cells and the toxicants as well as being highly relevant to human exposure via the route of inhalation 15–22, 24, 56, 57. Previous researchers 15, 16 have indicated that comparison between IC 50 values generated from in vitro methods using a direct exposure technique at the air/liquid interface and published combustion LC 50 toxicity data revealed that in vitro results showed greater sensitivity than the conventional animal toxicity experiments 16, 17. Comparison between IC 50 values generated from in vitro methods using human lung cells against predicted human acute inhalation toxicity values (LC 50 human) and animal acute inhalation toxicity (LC 50 animal) revealed that in vitro results were more closely related to human acute inhalation toxicity 16, 17 than animal data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An alternative method for in vitro fire smoke toxicity assessment of polymers and composites using human lung cells

et al. 2010

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SUMMARYAn alternative method for in vitro fire smoke toxicity assessment of polymers and composites using human lung cells has been investigated. A range of building and train interiors including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methachrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), fiberglass-reinforced polymer (FRP), and melamine-faced plywood (MFP) were studied. The exposure of combustion toxicants to human lung cells (A549) at the air/liquid interface was acquired using a Harvard Navicyte Chamber. Cytotoxic effects on human cells were assessed based on cell viability using the MTS assay (Promega). Cytotoxicity results were expressed as no observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), 10% inhibitory concentration (IC 10 ), 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ), and total lethal concentration (TLC) values (mg/l). Mass loss data and toxic product yield were also determined. Results suggested that PVC (IC 50 1.99 mg/l) was the most toxic materials followed by PP, FRP-16, PC, PMMA, FRP-10, PE, and melamine plywood. Some materials revealed to be more toxic under flaming combustion (PP, PC,, while others (PVC, PMMA, PE, and melamine plywood) appeared more toxic under non-flaming combustion. The method developed can be used to screen the toxicity of materials which would be important information in building and mass transport material selection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%