In vitro inhibition of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens by commercial probiotic strains

Schoster, Angelika; Kokotovic, Branko; Permin, A.; Pedersen, Per D.; Bello, Fabio Dal; Guardabassi, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.02.006

Cited by 105 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The lack of effect of the probiotic formulation on C. difficile and C. perfringens shedding in the current study is disappointing given the in vitro inhibitory activity against these pathogens 12. In vitro results cannot necessarily be extrapolated to in vivo conditions, as was evident here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In that study, an equine‐derived strain was chosen as probiotic and the authors postulated that the increased incidence of severe diarrhea seen could have been caused by excessive organic acid (eg, lactic acid) production by overgrowing lactobacilli in the relatively poorly developed neonatal intestinal microbiota 3. As this probiotic led to an increased incidence of diarrhea, we chose to evaluate probiotic strains used for human probiotic formulations and with in vitro evidence for inhibitory activity against C. difficile and C. perfringens 12. The reasons for the increased incidence of diarrhea requiring treatment in our study are unclear, but could also relate to an increase in lactic acid‐producing bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a Probiotic on Prevention of Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens Shedding in Foals

Schoster

Staempfli

Abrahams

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundUp to 60% of foals develop diarrhea within 6 months after birth. Preventive measures are limited but potentially probiotics could be used.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a newly designed probiotic on the incidence of foal diarrhea in a randomized field trial.AnimalsSeventy‐two healthy neonatal foals.MethodsRandomized, placebo‐controlled field trial. Foals were administered a placebo or probiotic for 3 weeks and monitored for an additional week. A total of 3 fecal samples were taken from each foal at biweekly intervals. Statistical modeling was applied for comparison of incidence and duration of diarrhea and fecal shedding of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile between treatment and age groups.ResultsThe overall incidence of diarrhea was 41 of 72 (59%) and did not differ (P = 0.37) between treatment groups. Foals treated with probiotics were more likely to develop diarrhea requiring veterinary intervention (P = 0.007). Age had a significant effect on incidence of diarrhea (P < 0.001); foals 8–15 days old having the highest probability of developing diarrhea. Duration of diarrhea and soft feces were not significantly different between groups. The prevalence of C. perfringens shedding was 55% with no difference between treatment groups (P = 0.23). The prevalence of C. difficile shedding was 11%.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThere was no benefit of administering a 3‐week course of probiotics, but potential adverse effects were noted. Whether the probiotics lacked a clinical effect, or the choice of strains or dose was inadequate, is unknown. Clostridial shedding was not influenced by probiotics despite in vitro activity of probiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Probiotic on Prevention of Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens Shedding in Foals

Schoster

Staempfli

Abrahams

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Previous studies have also indicated the pH-dependency of inhibition of C. difficile by some probiotics. For instance, inhibition of C. difficile was reported by Schoster et al (2013) to be only observed when the pH of the supernatants obtained from the probiotic species was not neutralized (Schoster et al, 2013). Trejo et al (2006) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noteworthy, traditional in vitro methods to study the effect of probiotics against intestinal pathogens involve either a broth culture or an agar diffusion assay (Lee et al, 2003;Naaber et al, 2004;Schoster et al, 2013). These methods only give endpoints, providing no information on the kinetics of inhibition.…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro inhibition of Clostridium difficile by commercial probiotics: A microcalorimetric study

Fredua‐Agyeman

Stapleton

Basit

et al. 2017

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of some commercial probiotics on the growth of Clostridium difficile using the isothermal microcalorimeter, an instrument which can monitor the real time growth of bacteria. Commercial probiotic strains and products, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 ® , Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 ® , Probio 7 ® and Symprove tm were co-cultured with C. difficile in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) L-cysteine hydrochloride and 0.1% (w/v) sodium taurocholate and monitored in the microcalorimeter. Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB 8628 was also co-cultured with C. difficile and studied. The results indicated inhibition of C. difficile by the probiotics. The inhibition of C. difficile was shown to be pH-dependent using neutralized and unmodified cell free supernatant (CFS) produced by the probiotic strains. However, concentrated CFS of the probiotics also inhibited the intestinal pathogen in a non pH-dependent manner, likely due to specific antimicrobial substances produced. The results also indicated that C. difficile growth was greatly influenced by the presence of sodium taurocholate and by the pH of the medium. A medium pH of between 6.45 and 6.9 demonstrated maximum growth of the organism in the microcalorimeter.

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“…The authors concluded that there was no benefit observable of administering a 3-week course of probiotics. Furthermore, a significantly higher incidence of diarrhoea in foals receiving probiotics than in control groups suggested a negative impact of probiotics (Schoster et al 2015), although in vitro inhibition of C. difficile and C. perfringens by commercial probiotic strains has also been reported (Schoster et al 2013). …”

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confidence: 99%

Clostridium difficile in Food and Animals: A Comprehensive Review

Rodríguez

Taminiau

Broeck

et al. 2016

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Zoonoses are infections or diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans through direct contact, close proximity or the environment. Clostridium difficile is ubiquitous in the environment, and the bacterium is able to colonise the intestinal tract of both animals and humans. Since domestic and food animals frequently test positive for toxigenic C. difficile, even without showing any signs of disease, it seems plausible that C. difficile could be zoonotic. Therefore, animals could play an essential role as carriers of the bacterium. In addition, the presence of the spores in different meats, fish, fruits and vegetables suggests a risk of foodborne transmission. This review summarises the current available data on C. difficile in animals and foods, from when the bacterium was first described up to the present.

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In vitro inhibition of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens by commercial probiotic strains

Cited by 105 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of a Probiotic on Prevention of Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens Shedding in Foals

Effect of a Probiotic on Prevention of Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens Shedding in Foals

In vitro inhibition of Clostridium difficile by commercial probiotics: A microcalorimetric study

Clostridium difficile in Food and Animals: A Comprehensive Review

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