In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium marinum to eight antimicrobial agents

Sanders, William J.; Wolinsky, Emanuel

doi:10.1128/aac.18.4.529

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As described previously for M. tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria (12), fluoroquinolones were arranged from that with the lowest MIC to that with the highest MIC as follows: moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. The results also confirmed the moderate susceptibility of M. marinum to tetracyclines (20,23,25) and the higher activity of minocycline than of doxycycline (MICs being constantly twofold lower). A majority of strains were susceptible to clarithromycin, to sulfamethoxazole, and to imipenem, but modal MICs of these drugs were close to the breakpoints.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In some studies, the methods used were those designed for slowly growing mycobacteria, such as the proportion method on solid media and in BACTEC liquid media (10). In contrast, in other studies, the methods used for antibiotic susceptibility testing of M. marinum were those designed for rapidly growing mycobacteria, such as broth microdilution (14), disk diffusion, agar disk elution (22), or agar dilution using a Steers replicator (20,25). M. marinum grows rapidly enough, indeed, to be tested by the method used for rapidly growing mycobacteria, despite the fact that it belongs to the slowly growing mycobacteria on the basis on genetic and mycolic acid analysis (5,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency of M. marinum in bacteriology laboratories is low, since less than 1% of the mycobacterial clinical isolates belong to this species (11). Susceptibility data on M. marinum are scarce and rely upon the small numbers of strains and antibiotics tested (20,23,25). As a consequence, intrinsic antibiotic susceptibilities of M. marinum are not well defined, and methods for their routine determination have not been evaluated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Mycobacterium marinum

Aubry

Jarlier

Escolano

et al. 2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

116

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In vitro activities of 17 antibiotics against 53 clinical strains of Mycobacterium marinum, an atypical mycobacterium responsible for cutaneous infections, were determined using the reference agar dilution method. Rifampin and rifabutin were the most active drugs (MICs at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited [MIC 90 s], 0.5 and 0.6 g/ml, respectively). MICs of minocycline (MIC 90 , 4 g/ml), doxycycline (MIC 90 , 16 g/ ml), clarithromycin (MIC 90 , 4 g/ml), sparfloxacin (MIC 90 , 2 g/ml), moxifloxacin (MIC 90 , 1 g/ml), imipenem (MIC 90 , 8 g/ml), sulfamethoxazole (MIC 90 , 8 g/ml) and amikacin (MIC 90 , 4 g/ml) were close to the susceptibility breakpoints. MICs of isoniazid, ethambutol, trimethoprim, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin were above the concentrations usually obtained in vivo. For each drug, the MIC 50 , geometric mean MIC, and modal MIC were very close, showing that all the strains had a similar susceptibility pattern. Percent agreement (within ؎1 log 2 dilution) between MICs yielded by the Etest method and by the agar dilution method used as reference were 83, 59, 43, and 24% for minocycline, rifampin, clarithromycin, and sparfloxacin, respectively. Reproducibility with the Etest was low, in contrast to that with the agar dilution method. In conclusion, M. marinum is a naturally multidrug-resistant species for which the agar dilution method is more accurate than the Etest for antibiotic susceptibility testing.Mycobacterium marinum is an atypical photochromogenic mycobacterium belonging to group I of Runyon's classification (18). This mycobacterium was successively named M. piscium, M. marinum (1), M. platypoecilus, M. anabanti, and M. balnei. Comparative sugar fermentative reaction data together with published morphological, cultural, and pathogenic data suggested that they were all synonymous with M. marinum (17). M. marinum inhabits fresh and salt water and causes disease in many fish species and occasionally in humans (24, 28). Human infections are generally limited to cutaneous diseases and are referred to as "swimming pool granuloma" and "fish tank granuloma" in reference to the epidemiology and the inoculation mode (24, 28). The frequency of M. marinum in bacteriology laboratories is low, since less than 1% of the mycobacterial clinical isolates belong to this species (11). Susceptibility data on M. marinum are scarce and rely upon the small numbers of strains and antibiotics tested (20,23,25). As a consequence, intrinsic antibiotic susceptibilities of M. marinum are not well defined, and methods for their routine determination have not been evaluated.In this study we looked for the antibiotic susceptibilities of 53 clinical isolates of M. marinum by determining the MICs of 17 antibiotics using the agar dilution method. Antibiotics tested were tetracyclines, rifampin, and cotrimoxazole, which were reported to be effective for treating M. marinum infections (8), and antimycobacterial antibiotics active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (isoniazid, rifabutin, ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Mycobacterium marinum

Aubry

Jarlier

Escolano

et al. 2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

116

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“…Furthermore, the MIC to most drugs is relatively low. However, such findings have been hampered by the limited numbers of strains and antibiotics tested and the lack of a standardized susceptibility test method specific for M. marinum (13,15,16).…”

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Case of Mycobacterium marinum Infection with Unusual Patterns of Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics

Parrish

Dionne

et al. 2011

J Clin Microbiol

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Mycobacterium marinum, found commonly in salt water and freshwater, is the causative agent of disease in many species of fish and occasionally in humans. MICs to most antimicrobial agents are relatively low. Susceptibility testing is not routinely performed, and single-drug therapy is used for the treatment of most infections. Here, we report an infection caused by a drug-resistant M. marinum strain in an otherwise healthy patient. CASE REPORTA 45-year-old healthy man sought medical care following a fish hook injury to the right third metacarpal area. Over the course of 10 to 14 days, he developed a tender lump over the right third metacarpal joint, which became increasingly tender to the touch. Otherwise, the patient was in good health, and his past medical history was unremarkable. On physical examination, he appeared well and was afebrile and in no acute distress. The examination of the hand was pertinent for no gross peritendinous fluid collection, tenosynovial thickening, or evidence of cellulitis. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) with and without contrast was obtained, indicating soft tissue swelling over the distal third metacarpal and proximal phalanx, with no evidence of osteomyelitis or abscess. Given the patient's history and recent fish hook injury, the possibility of an atypical mycobacterial infection was raised. An incisional biopsy was performed, and a small full-thickness ellipse of the inflamed skin was removed and sent to the laboratory for microscopy and culture. Additional skin samples were sent to pathology for histology and special stains. The patient was treated with doxycycline (100 mg orally [p.o.], twice daily) and topical mupirocin.Two weeks later, the patient returned for a follow-up visit. Physical examination revealed a residual, patchy, erythematous rash over the right third metacarpal, a small circular patchy rash over the right fourth metacarpal, and a similar rash over the dorsum of the right hand. These findings were clinically consistent with and interpreted as psoriasis. Examination of his trunk and extremities showed no other patches or lesions similar to those present on the right hand. He was advised to continue the doxycycline and follow up in 2 to 3 weeks. The patient was also given a prescription for 15 g of 0.05% fluocinonide (Lidex) ointment and instructed to use it sparingly on the affected area.Initial cultures of the wound material grew an acid-fast bacillus after 18 days of incubation at 37°C using LowensteinJensen medium. The patient returned 2 weeks after the prior visit and presented with a persistent, nonhealing, irregular erythematous nodule with a diminished plaque and an individual punctate elevation of the skin. He was advised to continue the doxycycline twice daily, and the fluocinonide was discontinued. Susceptibility testing on this isolate was requested and performed by a large reference laboratory according to established protocols using broth microdilution and a quality control strain of M. avium (ATCC 700898) susceptible to both doxycycline (MIC, 2...

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“…Recent studies have evaluated trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and the tetracyclines (18,21,24,25) drugs which are often used for treating disease due to M. marinum (3,(12)(13)(14)(15) because of their efficacy, low toxicity, and greater familiarity to physicians (often dermatologists) with these drugs as compared to the antituberculous agents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Agar disk elution method for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium fortuitum complex to sulfonamides and antibiotics

Stone

Wallace

Swenson

et al. 1983

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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An agar disk elution method using round well plates, supplemented MuellerHinton agar, and commercial drug disks is described for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium marinum and the rapidly growing mycobacteria to antibiotics and sulfonamides. By this method, 14 of 14 strains of M. marinum were susceptible to rifampin, doxycycline, minocycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Identical results were obtained with Middlebrook 7H10 agar and drugs prepared from standard powders. With 58 isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei, this method had a 92% correlation with broth minimal inhibitory concentration determinations for cefoxitin and >98% for doxycycline, kanamycin, amikacin, and the sulfonamides. Sixty-nine percent of isolates of M. chelonei susceptible to amikacin on supplemented Mueller-Hinton agar were resistant on 7H10 agar, and 15 of 16 M. chelonei isolates susceptible to erythromycin in broth were resistant by disk elution when an endpoint of no growth was used with either agar. The agar disk elution method offers a practical method for testing of most antibacterial agents against these mycobacterial species.

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In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium marinum to eight antimicrobial agents

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Mycobacterium marinum

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Mycobacterium marinum

Case of Mycobacterium marinum Infection with Unusual Patterns of Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics

Agar disk elution method for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium fortuitum complex to sulfonamides and antibiotics

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