In VitroDigestion of Wheat Microstructure with Xylanase and Cellulase fromTrichoderma reesei

Tervilä-Wilo, Asta; Parkkonen, Teija; Morgan, Andrew; Hopeakoski-Nurminen, Maarit; Poutanen, Kaisa; Heikkinen, P.; Autio, Karin

doi:10.1006/jcrs.1996.0054

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…In this case some epidermal and parenchyma cells are also degraded (microphotograph number 3). Similar results were found when studying in vitro digestion of wheat microstructure with xylanase and cellulases from T. reesei [41].…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Efficiency Of The Processsupporting

confidence: 83%

Combined Bio‐carbonization and Dyeing of Wool: A Possibility Using Cell Wall‐Degrading Enzymes and 1:1 Metal–Complex Dyes

Gouveia

Fiadeiro

Queiroz

2008

Engineering in Life Sciences

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This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of a new process to remove plant residues from wool, using enzymes as biocatalysts together with a dyeing process in a two-step exhaustion process, performed in a single bath. The enzymes were selected in order to hydrolyze the polysaccharides in primary plant cell walls and middle lamella, resulting in more fragile residues easier to be removed. Commercial enzymatic preparations of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus aculeatus were used, after appropriate optimization. A total enzyme loading of 1.0 mL/L of each enzymatic preparation yielded an equivalent amount of 241.2 mg of glucose per gram of plant residue, under the optimal conditions: 40.5°C, pH 4.0, and 0.75 mL/L of a non-ionic wetting agent. Reducing groups of the total released sugars were determined with the Miller reactive 3,5-dinitrosalicilic acid (DNS), which has been used for the indirect measurement of the efficiency of the process. Furthermore, to enhance the degradation of the plant residues, dyeing processes using the incubation bath and several acid and metalcomplex dyes, usually applied on wool dyeing, were tested. The dyeing procedure with 1:1 metal-complex dyes adjusted to pH 1.9 with sulfuric acid has promoted a higher degradation of the plant residues without damaging wool fibers. Accordingly, higher concentration of glucose was detected by the DNS reagent and higher weight losses of the plant residues were obtained when compared to enzymatic treatment without dyeing. The low pH used in the dyeing procedure increases the degradation of the cell wall polysaccharides, by acid catalysis. Also, scanning electron microscopy was used to show the plant cell wall degradation.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Efficiency Of The Processsupporting

confidence: 83%

Combined Bio‐carbonization and Dyeing of Wool: A Possibility Using Cell Wall‐Degrading Enzymes and 1:1 Metal–Complex Dyes

Gouveia

Fiadeiro

Queiroz

2008

Engineering in Life Sciences

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“…The carbohydrase cocktail contained 456 U g -1 of β-glucanase and 671 U g -1 of xylanase, and the phytase contained 432 U mL -1 of phytase (Danisco Animal Nutrition, Marlborough, UK). For xylanase, 1 U was defined as the activity that releases 1 mol of xylose per min, while for β-glucanase 1 U was defined as the activity that releases 1 mol of glucose per min (Tervila-Wilo et al 1996). For phytase, 1 U was defined as the activity that releases 1 µmol of inorganic P per min from a 0.0015 M Na-phytate solution at pH 5.5 and 37°C (Eeckhout and De Paepe 1994).…”

Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary particle size and carbohydrase and/or phytase supplementation on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of grower pigs

Oryschak¹,

Simmins²,

Zijlstra³

2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Oryschak, M. A., Simmins, P. H. and Zijlstra, R. T. 2002. Effect of dietary particle size and carbohydrase and/or phytase supplementation on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of grower pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 533-540. The effect of dietary particle size and enzyme supplementation on N and P excretion were investigated in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three particle sizes (400, 700, or 850 µm), two levels of a carbohydrase cocktail [0 or 444 added units (U) β-glucanase plus 1385 added U xylanase kg -1 diet], and two levels of phytase (0 or 374 added U phytase kg -1 diet), for a total of 12 dietary treatments. Diets (70% barley, 25% peas) were formulated to contain 3.25 Mcal digestible energy (DE) kg -1 , 1.6 g digestible lysine Mcal -1 DE, and 1.2 g kg -1 available P. Sixty pigs (25.3 ± 1.4 kg) had restricted access (3 × maintenance DE) to feed, and five individual pig observations for each of the 12 mash diets were obtained. Reducing particle size from 700 to 400 µm reduced total P excretion 12% and increased P digestibility and retention 15% (P < 0.05), while phytase reduced total P excretion 28% and increased P digestibility and retention 42% (P < 0.01). Reducing particle size from 850 and 700 to 400 µm decreased total N excretion 4 and 7%, respectively (P < 0.05). Carbohydrase did not affect P digestibility or excretion (P > 0.10), but increased digestibility of N and energy (P < 0.05). Carbohydrase interacted with particle size for energy digestibility (P < 0.01) and with phytase for N and energy digestibility (P < 0.05). Particle size affected N excretion and energy digestibility more than enzyme supplementation, while phytase affected P excretion more than particle size, suggesting that particle size reduction and phytase supplementation are effective to reduce nutrient excretion of grower pigs. Soixante porcs (25,3 ± 1,4 kg) avaient un accès restreint à la nourriture (3 fois la quantité d'énergie digestible de la ration d'entretien), de sorte qu'on a effectué cinq observations par animal pour chacune des 12 pâtées. Quand la taille des particules passe de 700 à 400 µm, l'excrétion totale de P baisse de 12 %, tandis que la digestibilité et la réten-tion de cet élément augmentent de 15 % (P < 0.05). La phytase réduit l'excrétion totale de P de 28 %, mais améliore la digestibilité et la rétention du P de 42 % (P < 0,01). Quand la granulométrie passe de 850 ou de 700 à 400 µm, la quantité totale de N excrétée diminue respectivement de 4 et de 7 % (P < 0,05). La carbohydrase ne modifie ni la digestibilité ni l'excrétion du P (P > 0,10), mais accroît la digestibilité du N et de l'énergie (P < 0,05). La carbohydrase interagit avec la granulométrie au niveau de la digestibilité de l'énergie (P < 0,01) et avec la phytase au niveau de la digestibilité du N et de l'énergie (P < 0,05). La taille des particules influe plus sur l'excrétion de N et la digestibilité de l'énergie que les suppléments enzymatiques, alors que la phytase affecte plus l'excrétion de P que la granulométrie, ce qui semble indiquer ...

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“…Only a few studies are published so far that investigate the degradation of NSP by enzymes in vitro (e.g. Tervilä-Wilo et al, 1996;Meng et al, 2005). The current paper describes a series of experiments, based on an in vitro NSP-digestion model, to assess the effect of the NSP-variability on the efficacy of xylanase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the in vitro degradation of non-starch polysaccharides from wheat by feed enzymes

Smeets

Nuyens

Campenhout

et al. 2014

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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In VitroDigestion of Wheat Microstructure with Xylanase and Cellulase fromTrichoderma reesei

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Combined Bio‐carbonization and Dyeing of Wool: A Possibility Using Cell Wall‐Degrading Enzymes and 1:1 Metal–Complex Dyes

Combined Bio‐carbonization and Dyeing of Wool: A Possibility Using Cell Wall‐Degrading Enzymes and 1:1 Metal–Complex Dyes

Effect of dietary particle size and carbohydrase and/or phytase supplementation on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of grower pigs

Variability in the in vitro degradation of non-starch polysaccharides from wheat by feed enzymes

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