Furanocoumarins are
photoactive compounds
derived from secondary plant metabolites. They possess many bioactivities,
including antioxidative, anticancer, insecticidal, and bactericidal
activities. Here, we designed a new scheme for synthesizing 2-arylfuranocoumarin
derivatives by condensation, esterification, bromination, and Wittig
reaction. We found that 2-thiophenylfuranocoumarin (Iy) had excellent
photosensitive activity. Three Iy concentrations (LC25,
LC50, and LC75) were used to treat the fourth
instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti). The photoactivated toxicity, sublethal
dose, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress level, intestinal
barrier dysfunction, and apoptosis were studied. The results showed
that Iy induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in midgut
cells under ultraviolet light. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated
that mitochondria were damaged, and the activities of related enzymes
were inhibited. Ultimately, Iy exposure led to excessive ROS production
followed by the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD,
CAT, GPx, and GR, which diminished ROS elimination and escalated oxidative
stress in midgut cells, aggravating the degree of oxidative damage
in these cells. Histopathological changes were observed in the midgut,
which led to intestinal barrier dysfunction. When the elimination
of ROS was blocked and it accumulated in cells, apoptosis-related
genes, including AeDronc, AeCaspase7, and AeCaspase8, were induced and activated. In
addition, Iy affected the growth and development of A. aegypti at sublethal concentrations, and there
was an obvious post-lethal effect. Thus, we found that Iy caused midgut
damage and apoptosis in A. aegypti larvae
under ultraviolet light, which preliminarily revealed the mode of
action of Iy in A. aegypti.