In vivo genotoxicity of dental bonding agents

Abstract

This in vivo study investigated the genotoxicity of two dental bonding agents: Adper Single Bond Plus and Prime&Bond 2.1. The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster was applied to analyse their genotoxicity expressed as homologous mitotic recombination, as well as point and chromosomal mutation. SMART detects the loss of heterozygosity of marker genes expressed phenotypically on the fly's wings. This fruit fly has extensive genetic homology to mammals, which makes it a suitable model organism for genotoxic investigations. Adper Single Bond Plus induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of total spots at the highest concentration tested, while Prime&Bond 2.1 was positive at all concentrations tested. The mechanistic basis underlying the genotoxicity of Adper Single Bond Plus relies on mitotic recombination alone, and was different from that of Prime&Bond 2.1, which showed evidence of the contribution of both recombination and mutational events. These findings indicate that both adhesives are inducers of toxic-genetic events, with the mitotic recombination being the main mechanism of action. The clinical significance of these observations has to be interpreted with data obtained in other bioassays.

Genotoxicity Induced by Dental Materials: A Comprehensive Review

“…SMART in D. melanogaster was applied for this purpose as well. Adper Single Bond Plus induced statistically significant increases in the frequency of total spots at the highest concentration tested, while Prime&Bond 2.1 was positive for genotoxicity at all concentrations tested (28).…”

“…The mechanistic basis underlying the genotoxicity of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and TEGDMA is related to homologous recombination and gene/chromosomal mutation (28). BISGMA and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) had no statistically significant effect on genetic apparatus (29,30).…”

“…The results revealed that none of the tested eluates exhibited any signs of genotoxicity (28). Three flowable (Filtek Supreme XT Flow, Tetric EvoFlow, Gradia Direct Flo) and three nonflowable (Filtek Z250, Tetric EvoCeram, Gradia Direct Posterior) dental composite materials were assessed for genotoxicity using the comet assay in human peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro.…”

Assessment of methyl methacrylate genotoxicity by the micronucleus test

“…8,13 One study indicated that monomers induce toxic genetic events and that mitotic recombination is the main mechanism of action. 14 The formation of micronuclei is indicative of chromosomal damage. The induction of DNA strand breaks was detected with monomers such as TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate).…”

Determination of cytotoxicity of dentine bonding agents, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and bisphenol alpha

“…These monomers comprise the main organic basis of the majority of composite resins and dental adhesives. [3] However, since various studies have been performed showing toxicity of most of the above-mentioned monomers, we have tested toxicity levels of HEMA and the chief precursor of Bis-GMA which is bisphenol alpha (BPA).…”