In vivo measurement of blood oxygen saturation using magnetic resonance imaging: A direct validation of the blood oxygen level‐dependent concept in functional brain imaging

Spatially selective T2 and T2∗ measurement with line-scan echo-planar spectroscopic imaging

“…This measured information may be useful for (1) determining the scan parameters for an optimal BOLD contrast [2,4,20,30,31], (2) separating the stimulation-induced changes in blood inflow from the true BOLD signal changes [1], and (3) understanding the basic mechanism of BOLD, such as the relative contribution from large and small vessels [3,32]. In addition, detection of functional activation through T2 * mapping is expected to be more robust than a fixed-TE fMRI protocol, since the echo time for an optimal BOLD contrast may vary from session to session, depending on the subject positions and shim settings.…”

Decreased oxygen saturation in asymmetrically prominent cortical veins in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke

“…The SM data provided a means by which oxygen saturation (Y) in the veins could be measured by the bulk susceptibility difference, Δχ, between tissues [14]. In this paper, susceptibility is given in SI units in ppb [parts per billion].…”

“…Previous MR studies to measure oxygen saturation have included T2 [12], T2* [13] and phase based methods [11,14,15]. Recently, phase based methods have had a resurgence in studying oxygen saturation of major veins which has been referred to as magnetic susceptometry [11,14,15].…”

Susceptibility-weighted imaging for differential diagnosis of cerebral vascular pathology: A pictorial review

“…Two effects result from magnetic field inhomogeneity due to paramagnetic deoxygenated blood: a reduction of T2* [18,19] and a phase difference between the vessel and its surrounding tissue [20]. The first effect is composed of bulk volume susceptibility differences between deoxygenated red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma [7].…”