In vivo mutagenesis investigations of four GRAS chemicals

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Insecticides

“…The results obtained with Trichlorfon are Dean and Thorpe, 1972bDean and Thrope, 1972bDean and Blair, 1976Dean and Blair, 1976Dedek et al, 1975Schiemann, 1975Schiemann, 1975Fischer et al, 1977Becker and Schiineich, 1980Gerstengarbe, 1975Gerstengarbe, 1975Arnold, 1971Jorgenson et al, 1976Jorgenson et al, 1976Jorgenson et al, 1976Jorgenson et al, 1976 more difficult to interpret. Positive effects were reported only at doses considerably higher than those used for anthelmintic therapeutics in man which, in turn, overstate considerably the risks of acute or chronic poisoning when the substance is used as an insecticide.…”

Lack of induction of nuclear aberrations by captan in mouse duodenum

“…This volatile component could possibly be thiophosgene, which is mutagenic in vitro [Rideg , 19821, or trichloromethylmercaptan. These compounds are formed when captan reacts with sulfhydryls [Lukens and Sisler, 1958;Owens and Blaak, 1960;Lukens, 19711 and may also be formed during the hydrolysis of captan Wolfe et al, 19761. Variable results have been obtained with captan in short-term in vivo assays for genotoxicity [Epstein and Shafner, 1968;Ficsor et al, 1970;Collins, 1972;Kramers and Knaap, 1973;Mollet, 1973;Jorgenson et al, 1976;Fry and Ficsor, 1978;Tezuka et al, 1978;Waters et al, 1980;Feng, 19821. In the majority of these studies, captan was not found to be genotoxic.…”

“…This volatile component could possibly be thiophosgene, which is mutagenic in vitro [Rideg , 19821, or trichloromethylmercaptan. These compounds are formed when captan reacts with sulfhydryls [Lukens and Sisler, 1958;Owens and Blaak, 1960;Lukens, 19711 and may also be formed during the hydrolysis of captan Wolfe et al, 19761. Variable results have been obtained with captan in short-term in vivo assays for genotoxicity [Epstein and Shafner, 1968;Ficsor et al, 1970;Collins, 1972;Kramers and Knaap, 1973;Mollet, 1973;Jorgenson et al, 1976;Fry and Ficsor, 1978;Tezuka et al, 1978;Waters et al, 1980;Feng, 19821. In the majority of these studies, captan was not found to be genotoxic. The lack of genotoxicity of captan in many short-term in vivo studies may have been due to administration of an insufficient dose of captan [Bridges, 1975;IARC, 19831 or inactivation of captan in vivo by thiols [Bridges, 19751. All studies which found captan to be oncogenic [NCI, 1977;FAO, 19851 or genotoxic in vivo [Collins, 1972;Waters et al, 1980;Feng, 19821 utilized preparations of captan which contained considerable levels of impurities (at least 3.5%).…”

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Industrial Pollutants

“…The results obtained with Trichlorfon are Malathion "Only females were exposed. Epstein et al, 1972Epstein et al, 1972Dean and Thorpe, 1972bDean and Thrope, 1972bDean and Blair, 1976Dean and Blair, 1976 Dedek et al Schiemann, 1975Schiemann, 1975Fischer et al, 1977Becker and Schiineich, 1980Gerstengarbe, 1975Gerstengarbe, 1975Arnold, 1971Jorgenson et al, 1976Jorgenson et al, 1976Jorgenson et al, 1976Jorgenson et al, 1976 more difficult to interpret. Positive effects were reported only at doses considerably higher than those used for anthelmintic therapeutics in man which, in turn, overstate considerably the risks of acute or chronic poisoning when the substance is used as an insecticide.…”