Inactivation of aflatoxins in peanut and cottonseed meals by ammoniation

Abstract

Aflatoxins in peanut and cottonseed meal can be inactivated by treatment with gaseous ammonia. In pilot plant runs, contaminated peanut meal was ammoniated at two levels each of moisture content, reaction time, temperature and ammonia pressure. Thin layer chromatography indicated that ammoniation inactivated the aflatoxins (121 ppb) in the meal to a nondetectable level. With a similar treatment, total aflatoxins (350 ppb) in cottonseed meal were reduced to 4 ppb. A series of runs was made with large scale equipment using cottonseed meal conraining an average of 519 ppb total aflatoxins. Under optimum processing conditions, aflatoxin content of this meal was reduced to below 5 ppb and nondetectable levels.

Detoxification of aflatoxins by seed extracts of the medicinal plant, Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill – Structural analysis and biological toxicity of degradation product of aflatoxin G1

“…Several strategies for the detoxification of aflatoxins by physical, chemical and biological means have been reported (Ciegler, Lillehoj, Peterson, & Hall, 1966;Cole & Kirksey, 1971;Harvey, Kubena, Phillips, Huff, & Corrier, 1989;Mann & Rehm, 1976). These include chemical detoxification by ammoniation (Coker, Jewers, & Jones, 1985;Frayssinet & Lafarge, 1990;Gardner, Koltun, Dollear, & Rayner, 1971), treatment with formaldehyde and calcium hydroxide (Codifer, Mann, & Dollear, 1976), ozonization (Dwarakanath, Rayner, Mann, & Dollear, 1968), exposure to chlorine gas (Fischbach & Campbell, 1965) and hydrogen peroxide (Sreenivasamurthy, Parpia, Srikanta, & Shankar Murti, 1967). Other effective methods include microbial detoxification by Flavobacterium aurantiacum (Ciegler et al, 1966;Hao & Brackett, 1988), Mucor sp.…”

Effects of Extrusion Temperature and Dwell Time on Aflatoxin Levels in Cottonseed

“…If the extreme conditions (four stages of processing at 160°C) of the studies are applied to the combined temperature and processing equation, the resulting aflatoxin reduction would be 76%. This estimated reduction is well below the 95% reduction due to ammoniation reported by Gardner et al (19).…”

Ammoniated Cottonseed Meal as a Protein Supplement for Laying Hens

“…One lot of the meal had not been subjected to ammoniation while the other lot from the same original supply had been ammoniated using the method outline by Gardner et al (1971). A supply of cottonseed meal was obtained from the Southern Regional Research Laboratory, New Orleans, La.…”

“…of aflatoxin would be used in routine regulatory actions in feedstuffs. Gardner et al (1971) found that under optimum processing conditions the aflatoxin content of a cottonseed meal containing 519 p.p.b. Masri et al (1969) reported that ammoniation of aflatoxin-contaminated peanut meal reduced the level of aflatoxin B, by more than 96%.…”