“…Similarly, many researchers have taken advantage of conducting online surveys by purchasing responses through various marketing panels or platforms, for example, Qualtrics, Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk), or Google Surveys. However, online surveys more acutely face issues affecting data quality, such as inattention or carelessness of participants (Cheng et al, 2022; Gao et al, 2016; Malone & Lusk, 2018a), nonrepresentative samples (Penn et al, 2023; Sandstrom et al, 2023; Whitehead et al, 2023) and fraudulent responses (Belliveau & Yakovenko, 2022; Chmielewski & Kucker, 2020; Griffin et al, 2021; Kramer et al, 2014; Rommel et al, 2022; Storozuk et al, 2020; Teitcher et al, 2015).…”