Incidence and severity of mottle disease in black pepper plants (piper nigrum) in Sukamulya Research Station, Sukabumi Regency, West Java

Abstract

Mottle disease, caused by viral infection is one of the main disease in black pepper plants. Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are recorded as the causal agent of mottle disease in several countries. Research was conducted at the Sukamulya Research Station, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, to observe disease incidence and identify the associated virus. Field observation and sampling was carried out on 50 black pepper plants, aged around 3-4 years. Virus detection was performed by PCR and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using a primer pair that amplified the ORF III of PYMoV (AIB 104/AIB 105), and CMV coat protein (AIB 1/AIB 2), followed by sequencing and analysis of nucleotide sequences. Incidence and severity of mottle disease in Sukamulya reached 100% and 32.50%, respectively. Specific DNA target were successfully amplified, i.e. 400 bp and 650 bp for PYMoV and CMV, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PYMoV isolate from Sukamulya is closely related with PYMoV isolates from India (DQ83623); while CMV isolate from Sukamulya is closely related with CMV isolates from Indonesian bananas (AB069971), and it is belonged to subgroup 1B, as did CMV from black pepper in India (AY545924).

Study on Ferrisia virgata and Planococcus minor as vectors of mottle disease in black pepper

“…Ten months-old plants are ready for transmission study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method was carried out to confirm all test plants were virus-free [5].…”

“…The presence of PYMoV on test plants were confirmed by PCR. Optimization of primers for amplification of PYMoV was carried out using three pairs of primers, i.e., AIB 104/105, AIB 225/226, and AIB 35/36, following previous protocols [5,16,17]. Primers of AIB 35/36 were selected for detection of PYMoV from leaves of test plants due to its best amplification results (data not shown).…”

“…Samples were stored in banana stem sheets, kept in plastic bags, and transferred to the laboratory using an icebox. PYMoV presence in leaf samples was detected by PCR method using AIB 104/105 primers [5].…”

“…In Indonesia, this disease has been observed in black pepper plants since 1976. A more recent report indicated that PYMoV is the main pathogen causing mottle disease in black pepper plantations in Sukabumi District of West Java, Indonesia [5] and Hainan, China [4].…”

Potential Application of Crotalaria longirostrata Branch Extract to Reduce the Severity of Disease Caused by Fusarium

“…where n is the number of plants showing diseased symptoms with at least one diseased root and N is the total number of samples used. The disease severity was calculated by the formula below [23]: whereas, scoring of symptom severity was based on the disease severity rating [16] (Figure 1).…”