Incidence of campylobacter infection in infants in western Algeria and the possible protective role of breast feeding

Mégraud, Françis; Boudraa, G.; Bessaoud, K; Bensid, S.; Dabis, François; Soltana, R.; Touhami, M.

doi:10.1017/s095026880004766x

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, isolation of Campylobacter spp. from children without diarrhoea is also common in developing countries (14). In some studies, no statistically significant difference was noted in Campylobacter isolation rates in certain age groups (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporadic paediatric diarrhoeal illness in urban and rural sites in Nyanza province, Kenya

Beatty¹,

Ochieng²,

Chege³

et al. 2010

E Af Med Jrnl

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Objective: Investigate differences in the infectious aetiology, health seeking behaviour, and provider practices with regard to diarrhoeal illness among children presenting to urban versus rural clinics in Western Kenya. Design: Laboratory-based, passive surveillance. (24% urban, 25% rural). Campylobacter was the predominant bacterial pathogen (17% urban, 15% rural), followed by Shigella and nontyphoidal Salmonella (both 4% urban and 5% rural). In both communities, susceptibilities of these pathogens to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics was low (<50%); 70% of all 388 EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporadic paediatric diarrhoeal illness in urban and rural sites in Nyanza province, Kenya

Beatty¹,

Ochieng²,

Chege³

et al. 2010

E Af Med Jrnl

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“…Chickens can be colonized with as many as 10 9 CFU C. jejuni per gram cecal contents (43), and colonized mice can shed up to 10 6 CFU per mg feces (18). Studies of children in developing countries have shown that rates of asymptomatic carriage of Campylobacter in children are around 15% (108,131), suggesting that some acquired immunity is induced from multiple exposures during early childhood. Wheeler et al reported a rate of asymptomatic carriage of 0.7% in a population study involving adults in the United Kingdom (179).…”

Section: Pathology and Pathophysiology Of Campylobacter Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with this, patients with defects in immunoglobulin production are more susceptible to infection. The first humoral immune mechanism encountered by Campylobacter during infection is secretory IgA (sIgA), and various studies have shown that the presence of Campylobacter-specific sIgA and serum IgA correlates with protection against disease (108,142). Also, studies of breastfed infants point to a protective role of sIgA against infection.…”

Section: Role Of Humoral Immunity In Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Pathogen Interactions inCampylobacterInfections: the Host Perspective

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY Campylobacter is a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. This study was aimed at summarizing the current understanding of host mechanisms involved in the defense against Campylobacter by evaluating data available from three sources: (i) epidemiological observations, (ii) observations of patients, and (iii) experimental observations including observations of animal models and human volunteer studies. Analysis of available data clearly indicates that an effective immune system is crucial for the host defense against Campylobacter infection. Innate, cell-mediated, and humoral immune responses are induced during Campylobacter infection, but the relative importance of these mechanisms in conferring protective immunity against reinfection is unclear. Frequent exposure to Campylobacter does lead to the induction of short-term protection against disease but most probably not against colonization. Recent progress in the development of more suitable animal models for studying Campylobacter infection has opened up possibilities to study the importance of innate and adaptive immunity during infection and in protection against reinfection. In addition, advances in genomics and proteomics technologies will enable more detailed molecular studies. Such studies combined with better integration of host and pathogen research driven by epidemiological findings may truly advance our understanding of Campylobacter infection in humans.

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“…Campylobacter associated diarrhoea [28]. However, time constraints and urbanisation [1] are factors associated with early termination of breast-feeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of Infant Formula with Probiotics, Prebiotics, DHA & ARA: A Systematic Review

Tambakhe¹

2014

JFNS

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Abstract:There are recommendations to guide parents to help their infants make the transition from milk to weaning foods, but they differ in their focus in developed or developing countries and on the physiological and behavioral reasons that underlie the introduction of weaning foods. According to recommendations, ideally, term infants should begin weaning at six months, while breastfeeding should continue for two years. The recommendations on nutrients in complementary foods are based on the nutrient gap between the composition and volume of breast milk after approximately six months of exclusive breastfeeding and the physiology of infant nutritional requirements. Gastrointestinal flora influences health, but the composition of flora can be changed with prebiotics or probiotics. The addition of probiotics to powdered infant formula has not been demonstrated to be harmful to healthy term infants. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition reviews the effect of adding probiotic bacteria to infant formulas, follow-on formulas and special medical foods. The administration of probiotic (single or in combination) supplementation in infant or follow-on formula, and given beyond early infancy, may be associated with some clinical benefits, such as a reduction in the risk of nonspecific gastrointestinal infections, a reduced risk of antibiotic use and a lower frequency of colic and irritability. The addition of prebiotics to infant formula softens stools but other putative effects remain to be demonstrated. Studies published post marketing shows that infant fed a longchain inulin/galactooligosaccharide mixture (0.8 g/dl) in formula normally have no side -effects. The addition of same mixture at a concentration of 0.8 g/dl to infant formula was therefore recognized as safe by European Commission in 2001 but follow -up studies were recommended. It is thought that a bifidogenic effect is beneficial for the infant host. The rising incidence in allergy during the first year of life may justify the attempts to modulate the infant's formula. In addition to prebiotic and probiotic, DHA and ARA are important for brain and eye development. Many researchers have demonstrated the role of DHA and ARA in infant health and development.

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Incidence of campylobacter infection in infants in western Algeria and the possible protective role of breast feeding

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Sporadic paediatric diarrhoeal illness in urban and rural sites in Nyanza province, Kenya

Sporadic paediatric diarrhoeal illness in urban and rural sites in Nyanza province, Kenya

Host-Pathogen Interactions inCampylobacterInfections: the Host Perspective

Supplementation of Infant Formula with Probiotics, Prebiotics, DHA & ARA: A Systematic Review

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