Incidence of Fusarium species and levels of fumonisin B1 in corn in the Samsun province of Turkey

Abstract

<jats:p>The contamination of corn with fumonisin produced by<jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic>species represents an important risk for humans and animals. The incidence of<jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic>spp. and contamination by fumonisin B<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>(FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>) were studied in field samples from 70 fields of corn during the 2005 and 2006 preharvest seasons in the province of Samsun, Turkey.<jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic>was the predominant genus isolated from the field samples, with<jats:italic>F. verticillioides</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>F. proliferatum</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>F. subglutinans</jats:italic>being the most commonly isolated species. The occurrence of<jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic>spp. varied each year, from 97.14% to 78.57% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The widespread occurrence of FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>was also observed across the Samsun province. All corn samples infected with<jats:italic>F. verticillioides</jats:italic>,<jats:italic>F. proliferatum</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>F. subglutinans</jats:italic>tested positive for FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>, but none were infected with FB<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Levels of FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>ranged from 0.28 to 8.48 mg kg<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>in 2005 and from 0.11 to 2.77 mg kg<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>in 2006. The concentration of FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>was lower than 2 mg kg<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>in 63.6% of the samples, 28.8% contained from 2 mg kg<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>to 5 mg kg<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>, while 7.6% contained more than 5 mg kg<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>. Our study shows that corn contamination with both<jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic>and FB<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>was present throughout the Samsun province, but it was strongly dependent on environmental and seasonal conditions. However, there was no<jats:italic>Fusarium</jats:italic>contamination in certain native white-type and popcorn-type cultivars in 2005 and 2006.</jats:p>

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Fumonisin B1 Detection in Local Corn Seeds from Baghdad-Iraq

“…during pre and post-harvest, this leads to an increase in FB1 content; therefore, some studies considered that Fusarium spp. is a field and storage organism [13][14][15]. The results revealed that FB1 concentration was 175.54 µg/kg and 172.88 µg/kg in silo and market samples, respectively, as shown in Table (1).…”

“…Subsequently, ingestion of contaminated grains by FB1 can affect human and animal health, causing hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects [4,5,23]. [20] 467.19 -570.0 Corn HPLC Hammood & AL-Nazzal [25] 0.103 -2.240 wheat ELISA Shephard et al [26] 10-3980 Corn HPLC Iran Alkadri et al [27] 5-6 wheat HPLC Syria El-Sayed et al [28] 10 -780 Corn HPLC Egypt Omurtag [29] 0.30-0.32 Corn HPLC Turkey Altıparmak & Tunali [13] 0.11 -8.48 Corn HPLC Katta et al [30] 0.1 -3.5 Corn HPLC Washington Liu et al [31] 0.2 -3.0 Corn HPLC Taiwan Munawar et al [32] > 0.25 Corn ELISA Indonesian…”