Incidence of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. In local food products sold in Ado-Ekiti, southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Contaminated foods of animal origin are the primary reservoirs for human nontyphoidal Salmonellae infections. Transmission of Salmonellae to humans typically occurs by ingesting meat, dairy products, and other foods contaminated by animal faeces from foods contaminated with Salmonellae. Aim: This work aimed at the detection and incidence of viable Salmonella in local food products sold and consumed in Ado -Ekiti. Methods: Typing by pulsefield gel electrophoresis (PFGE), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of antimicrobial drug resistance genes, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done. Results: Out 105 samples analyzed, Salmonella species was isolated in 77 with highest incidence (100%) observed in kunu, pork meat, egg roll, raw egg and chicken. The antimicrobial drug resistance patterns on the isolates showed that Salmonella species were resistant to cotrimoxazole (100%), chloramphenicol (100%), amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (86%) and ofloxacin (57%) while decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (100%), streptomycin (100%), gentamycin (86%) and pefloxacin (71%) was found. multidrug resistance was observed in about 77% of the isolates. With PFGE, a total of eighty-three (83) patterns were observed and thirty-six 36(43%) isolates had the 3 most common patterns. All isolates from kunu and pork meat contained qnrB2, 6 (86%) isolates from egg roll contained blaCMY-2'; 9 (75%) isolates from liquid egg and chicken each contained blaCMY-23'. The total isolate of 73% is an indication of high incidence of Salmonella spp. in food products obtained in Ado-Ekiti. Conclusion: This study showed antimicrobial drug resistance in low resource settings and urgent need for surveillance and control of this phenomenon is recommended.

Multiple Drug Resistance Salmonella and Antibiotic Residues in Egyptian Animal Products

“…Elafify et al (2022) found that the highest Salmonella incidence rate was recovered from Kariesh cheese (16.67%), followed by market raw milk (6.66%), and soft white cheese (3.33%). In addition, Fajilade et al (2021) observed a high prevalence of Salmonella in yogurt from Ado-Ekiti, South Western Nigeria (92%). Mhone et al (2012) reported negative isolation of Salmonella spp.…”

“…However, higher results were reported by Endris et al (2013), as the cultural prevalence of Salmonella among seropositive chicken was 35.7%. Fajilade et al (2021) found that the incidence rate of Salmonella in chickens was up to 100% in Ado-Ekiti, South Western Nigeria. In addition, the prevalence of Salmonellosis was 16.1% in poultry farms of Hawassa, Ethiopia (Endris et al, 2013), and it was 14.6%, as reported in Ethiopia by Ali et al (2020).…”

“…While a lower incidence rate was recorded by Abd El-Tawab et al (2015), the obtained results indicated that the incidence of Salmonella enteritidis in the examined samples of minced meat, sausage, and beef burger were 1/70 (1.4%), 1/40 (2.5%), and 0/40 (0%), respectively. Also, a high incidence rate of Salmonella was reported by Fajilade et al (2021) in Ado-Ekiti, South Western Nigeria, indicating recovered Salmonella from pork meat (100%), meat pie (71%), and Gala sausage (14%). Malkawi (2003) found a significant Salmonella prevalence of 81% for the studied minced meat.…”