Incidence of thyroid diseases in Zhejiang Province, China, after 15 years of salt iodization

Gu, Fangyi; Ding, Gang; Lou, Xiaoming; Mo, Zhe; Zhu, Wei; Zhou, Jinzhi; Mao, Guangming

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.003

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For example, a recent study in Zhejiang province revealed a TN prevalence of 20.9% for a median UIC of 163 μg/L. [48] These data are consistent with our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between thyroid disease and different levels of iodine intake in mainland China

Weng

Dong²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Medicine

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“…For example, a recent study in Zhejiang province revealed a TN prevalence of 20.9% for a median UIC of 163 μg/L. [48] These data are consistent with our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between thyroid disease and different levels of iodine intake in mainland China

Weng

Dong²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Medicine

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“…Our results suggest that urban residents have a significantly higher seafood intake than rural residents. Similar findings have also been reported previously: the frequency of laver seaweed, fish, and kelp was found to be higher in coastal areas than in inland areas, and the household coverage rate of iodized salt was found to be lower in coastal areas ( 19 ). Compared to urban residents, rural residents living in suburban and mountainous areas may have less access to seafood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China

Yan

You

Wang

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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Objectives A variety of factors differed between rural and urban areas may further influence iodine status and thyroid structure. Hence, this study compared iodine nutrition, the prevalence of thyroid goiter, and nodules between rural and urban residents in Guangzhou, a southern coastal city of China. Methods A total of 1211 rural residents and 1305 urban residents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire regarding personal characteristics was administered. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was examined. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed to evaluate thyroid goiter and nodules. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential associated factors. Results The median UIC was significantly lower in rural residents than in urban residents (120.80 μg/L vs 136.00 μg/L, P < 0.001). Although the coverage rate of iodized salt was much higher in rural residents than in urban residents (99.59% vs 97.29%, P < 0.001), the percentages of seafood intake (8.60% vs 29.29%, P < 0.001), iodine-containing drug consumption (0.33% vs 1.24%, P = 0.011), and iodine contrast medium injection (0.58% vs 1.87%, P = 0.004) were lower in rural residents than in urban residents. Both the prevalence of thyroid goiters and nodules was significantly higher in rural residents than in urban residents (goiter: 8.06% vs 1.20%, P < 0.001; nodules: 61.89% vs 55.04%, P = 0.023). Living in rural areas was associated with thyroid goiter (OR 5.114, 95% CI 2.893–9.040, P < 0.001). Conclusions There were differences in iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents in Guangzhou. Differentiated and specialized monitoring is recommended in our area.

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“…The annual financial fund for the elimination of IDD from the government dropped sharply from 15,000 USD to nil. Meanwhile, an increased incidence of thyroid disorders in the coastal provinces [19,20,21,22,23] was documented as associated with a high intake of iodized salt; this was done by endocrinologists who were more likely to analyze the data based only on the patients’ medical records from hospitals, rather than a representative sample from the community. In the above studies, Berkson’s bias inevitably appeared, and the reported incidence of thyroid diseases may be exaggerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Iodine Knowledge, Coastal Region, and Non-Iodized Salt Consumption Linked to Low Urinary Iodine Excretion in Zhejiang Pregnant Women

Lou

Xing

et al. 2019

Nutrients

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Background: Iodine deficiency in pregnant women, defined as a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of less than 150 μg/L, is an important public health issue. To improve their iodine intake, it is important to understand the knowledge and practices regarding iodine. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 2642 pregnant women during 2016–2017 in Zhejiang province, China. A 3-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to record knowledge. The UIC and iodine content in household salt were determined. Results: Coastal participants were iodine deficient (median UIC 127.6 μg/L) while inland participants were iodine sufficient (median UIC 151.0 μg/L). The average knowledge scores were significantly lower for the coastal participants (24.2 points vs. 25 points for the inland participants; p < 0.001). The percentage for iodized salt consumption was significantly lower for the coastal participants (88.9% vs. 96.0% for those inland; p < 0.001). A generalized linear model analysis showed that non-iodized salt consumption, coastal region, and low knowledge scores were independently associated with a low UIC. Conclusions: Comprehensive interventional strategies are needed to develop to achieve an optimal iodine status. We recommend that coastal pregnant women should take iodine supplements based on the consumption of iodized salt, and improvement of iodine-related knowledge.

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Incidence of thyroid diseases in Zhejiang Province, China, after 15 years of salt iodization

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between thyroid disease and different levels of iodine intake in mainland China

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between thyroid disease and different levels of iodine intake in mainland China

Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China

Poor Iodine Knowledge, Coastal Region, and Non-Iodized Salt Consumption Linked to Low Urinary Iodine Excretion in Zhejiang Pregnant Women

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