Inclusion complex between beta-cyclodextrin and phenylphosphonicdiamide as novel bio-based flame retardant to epoxy: Inclusion behavior, characterization and flammability

Abstract

h i g h l i g t s • A bio based flame retardant (IC) was synthesized via inclusion behavior • Impact of IC on ther mal sta bility and flame retardancy of EP was inve stigat ed • Flame reta rdant mechanism of EP/IC was proposed

Synthesis of a furfural-based DOPO-containing co-curing agent for fire-safe epoxy resins

“…15,16 Recently, the preparation of a furfural-based ame retardant has aroused extensive attention for sustainable development. [17][18][19] In order to meet the urgent needs for achieving sustainable development, the preparation of DOPO derivatives derived from furfural is a potential and sustainable strategy. 20 However, the preparation of furfural-based DOPO derivatives for epoxy resins is still in its infancy.…”

Biomolecules as Flame Retardant Additives for Polymers: A Review

“…PP's decomposition is step wise at 323 and 480 • C, with THR and EHC 9 (effective heat of combustion) reduced by 11% and 6% respectively; LLDPE is also two-step at 406 and 537 • C, but sees increases in THR, pHRR, and EHC and more smoke release; Nylon 6 is sees its first at 450 • C and the second is pushed higher, but smoke release increased and THR reduced-trade-offs [67]. Cyclodextrin has also been shown to coordinate with phenylphosphonic diamide, which formed a successful FR agent complex for epoxy resins [68]. Covalent attachment of a phosphorous FR moiety, in this case phosphate carbamate, to starch, similarly, has been shown to be effective, providing the active component for flame retardation with a convenient carbon source [69]; a similar approach to flame retardation of epoxy resins with phosphorous derivatives of bio-sourced tartaric acid was equally effective [70].…”

Poly (vinyl alcohol)/β-Cyclodextrin Composite Fiber with Good Flame Retardant and Super-Smoke Suppression Properties

“…In recent years, carbohydrates have been explored as a possible valuable green alternative to the conventional flame retardants for textiles since their high content of hydroxyl groups are suitable for producing thermally stable charred residues when exposed to fire [8][9][10]. A major advantage related to use of carbohydrate flame retardants is their low environmental impact and toxicity [11][12][13][14][15]. Among carbohydrates, chitosan, cellulose, and starch are widely used as carbon sources in intumescent FR systems, which can protect materials during combustion through the formation of an expanded carbonized layer [12,13,15].…”