Income distribution in family networks by gender and proximity

Abstract

Whereas the significance of family networks for support and well-being has been shown in previous research, few studies have analysed the income distribution within family networks. The aim of this study is to examine income distribution within family networks and how they have changed over time for women and men in different parts of the income distribution and if the incomes are more similar in the geographically proximate family network. The analysis is based on register data and by use of ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regressions. The results indicate that men in the lowest income group tend to have become more similar to their family network over time. Gender differences have decreased, possibly as an effect of women's higher labour market participation rate leading to decreased income disparity.

Broiler Business is the Best Diversification for Furniture Business

“…Forest conversion that occurs causes the amount of wood production to decrease, affecting the price of raw materials [2]. This condition causes production costs to increase, which will reduce the income and welfare of the entrepreneur's household furniture [13]. Therefore, to control production costs which are increasing, labor wages are under pressure.…”