Incomplete Contracts And Investment : A Study Of Land Tenancy In Pakistan

Jacoby, Hanan G.; Mansuri, Ghazala

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-3826

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…First, trading gains will have an effect. Property rights stimulate farmers to adopt the technology by facilitating transactions and reducing uncertainty [ 33 ]. Compared with non-circulating land, farmland with formal circulation is more stable and transactional, so that the effect of farmland trading gains can encourage farmers to invest more in the farmland and stimulate their green production [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Theoretical Analysis and Hypotheses Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Tenure and Green Production Behavior: Empirical Analysis Based on Fertilizer Use by Cotton Farmers in China

Mao

Chai

Chen

2021

IJERPH

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Stable land rights can increase farmers’ expectations regarding the future and encourage their adoption of green production methods, which is an important guarantee for promoting the development of green agriculture development. This paper takes the fertilizer use as an example and systematically investigated the impact of land tenure stability on the green production behavior of heterogeneous farmers based on a field survey data of 349 cotton-planting farmers from Xinjiang, China. Furthermore, this research aims to assess the differential impact of land tenure stability on different risk preferences, organizational forms and ethnic groups. This study is a continuation of previous studies on factors influencing green production behavior. The results show that land transfers have an inhibiting effect on farmers’ green production behavior and this effect is more significant among risk-averse farmers, local farmers and minority nationalities farmers. The land tenure period can promote the green production of farmers and alleviate the restraining effect of land transfers on farmers’ green production behavior. Additionally, farmers of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) and large-scale households are more inclined to green production. The Chinese Government needs to further promote land transfer to large-scale households, improve the stability of land rights and adopt differentiated policies for heterogeneous farmers to encourage their green production.

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Section: Theoretical Analysis and Hypotheses Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Tenure and Green Production Behavior: Empirical Analysis Based on Fertilizer Use by Cotton Farmers in China

Mao

Chai

Chen

2021

IJERPH

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“…The major gharar is a gross and serious uncertainty about ultimate outcome of a business where capital is not available, not deliverable, not specified and the deferred time is unknown while minor gharar is a mere uncertainty which is existed in every form of contract includes sale of fruits without cutting or fix ticket charges while some passengers are not going till the last stop or fix charges for a hotel room while some guests use more services than others. A major gharar is unacceptable while the minor gharar is acceptable (Mansuri, 2006).…”

Section: Islamic Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Islamic Law and Trademark Protection

Mukhtar

2018

MJSL

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Protection of trademark in Islamic Law is covered under verses of the Holy Quran and traditions of Prophet Muhammad ï·º. Trademark is one of the component of Intellectual Property Law, which is protected under Islamic Law. Islamic law are those teachings which were revealed on the last prophet Muhammad ï·º, for the betterment of human beings in both worlds. Islamic Law protects rights of an individual whether they are material like property rights or immaterial like Intellectual Property rights. Protection of wealth is one of the Maqasid-ul-Sharia, which is the public right and are fully preserved under an Islamic Law. Almighty Allah says in the Holy Quran that â€œDo not eat the property of another with unlawful means except with a valid agreement, solemnized with a valid consent from both sidesâ€. Prophet Muhammad ï·º said that he who copies anotherâ€™s work is not one of us. Prophet Muhammad ï·º went to Syria as a trader with the wealth of his preceding wife Hazrat Khadija RA. Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Bukhari used to work as traders besides their exceptional works in Fiqh and Hadith. All types of trade and investment activities are valid, legal and protected under Islamic Law unless clearly prohibited by Almighty Allah in the Holy Quran or by Prophet Muhammad ï·º in the Sunnah. The transaction must be clear from Riba/Interest; which is an excess that has no corresponding consideration in exchange of property for property. The subject matter of the transaction must not be uncertain, and the purpose of the transaction and the activities governed under the contract must be legal under the light of the Holy Quran and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ï·º. Intellectual Property is protected under Islamic Law, which is that area of law, which concerns legal rights, associated with creative efforts, commercial reputation and good will. Intellectual Property Law includes patent for the protection of inventions, copyright for the protection of literary and artistic works and trademark for the protection of marks, signs, words and trade names, which distinguishes goods and services of one undertaking from goods and services of other undertakings, which must be distinctive and non-descriptive because an undescriptive trademark is a unique trademark which is easy to be registered and adhered by the public at large. The purpose of trademark is to provide an opportunity to the public to distinguish goods and services of one undertaking from goods and services of other undertakings and to adhere the source of goods and services. Trademark is protected under Islamic Law, but it does not allow the right holder to held illegal activities under a legal trademark. The trademark which is protected under Islamic Law is that trademark which is used for the promotion of legitimate goods and services.

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“…First, trading earnings will have an impact. Property rights stimulate farmers to adopt green production technologies by promoting transactions and reducing uncertainty [36], and only relying on green and efficient technologies can truly achieve sustainable agricultural development [37]. Among them, the implementation of the land transfer trust mechanism has effectively promoted the green development of agriculture, and a variety of financing methods have made it possible to expand the scale of agricultural development, which has also reduced the cost of agricultural production to a certain extent [38].…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Land Transfer and Agricultural Green Production: A Collaborative Test Based on Theory and Data

Zang

Yang

2022

Agriculture

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Under the background of tighter resource and environmental constraints, whether and how land transfer can promote the green development of agriculture has become a realistic question that needs to be answered urgently. This paper analyzes the internal mechanism between land transfer and agricultural green production by using property rights theory and sustainable development theory. Taking the data of the “investigation on household energy consumption and green agricultural development” in Sichuan Province in 2022 as a sample, it empirically analyzes the impact of land transfer on agricultural green production by using OLS and 2SLS models. The results show that: (1) land inflow significantly improves the level of agricultural green production, with a unit impact of 22.3%; (2) whereas land outflow will inhibit agricultural green production, with a unit impact of 5.46%; (3) the family’s long-term agricultural labor, social capital, migrant experience, non-agricultural income, and household clean energy use have a promoting effect on agricultural green production; (4) age, education level, health level and agricultural subsidies inhibit agricultural green production; (5) the heterogeneity analysis found that the inflow of land would significantly promote the level of green agricultural production of farmers who have environmental awareness, have been village cadres, have purchased agricultural insurance, and have not suffered from agricultural disasters; (6) agricultural training, farmers’ digital literacy, and agricultural related loans have a positive and strengthened regulatory role in the impact of land transfer on agricultural green production. Based on this, this paper gets policy enlightenment from the government, market, and farmers.

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Incomplete Contracts And Investment : A Study Of Land Tenancy In Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Land Tenure and Green Production Behavior: Empirical Analysis Based on Fertilizer Use by Cotton Farmers in China

Land Tenure and Green Production Behavior: Empirical Analysis Based on Fertilizer Use by Cotton Farmers in China

Islamic Law and Trademark Protection

The Relationship between Land Transfer and Agricultural Green Production: A Collaborative Test Based on Theory and Data

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