Increase in immune cell infiltration with progression of oral epithelium from hyperkeratosis to dysplasia and carcinoma

Abstract

In the present study, epithelium derived lesions of various pathological manifestations were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for mononuclear cell infiltration. The infiltrate under the transformed epithelium of oral lesions, was examined for differences in the composition of immune mononuclear cells as the epithelium moves from hyperkeratosis through various degrees of dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma. The study was performed on 53 human tongue tissues diagnosed as hyperkeratosis (11 cases), mild dysplasia (nine cases), moderate and severe dysplasia (14 cases) and squamous cell carcinoma (19 cases). A similar analysis was performed on 30 parotid gland tissues diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma (14 cases) and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (16 cases). Immunohistochemical analysis of various surface markers of the tumour infiltrating immune cells was performed and correlated with the transformation level as defined by morphology and the expression of p53 in the epithelium. The results revealed that, in the tongue lesions, the changes in the epithelium from normal appearance to transformed were accompanied by a corresponding increase in the infiltration of CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19+20, and HLA/DR positive cells. The most significant change was an increase in B lymphocytes in tongue lesions, that was in accordance with the transformation level (P50.001). In the salivary gland, a significant number of cases did not show an infiltrate. In cases where an infiltrate was present, a similar pattern was observed and the more malignant tissues exhibited a higher degree of immune cell infiltration.

Understanding the Biological Basis of Autofluorescence Imaging for Oral Cancer Detection: High-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy in Viable Tissue

“…Gannot et al also documented increasing levels of subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate (sometimes referred to as lichenoid inflammation) in oral tissue during progression from normal to dysplasia to Research. (35). A second investigation found that stromal T cells increased by roughly a factor of 2 in mild dysplasias, and by f5-fold in moderate and severe dysplasia compared with normal oral tissue (36).…”

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“…Similarly, Pollard reported that the infiltration of macrophages stimulated breast cancer progression and metastasis (Pollard, 2004), and knocking out colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1, a cytokine that regulates macrophage differentiation and function) in a mouse strain inhibited breast cancer growth and metastasis. A study on oral epithelial squamous cell carcinoma also revealed that the level of immune cell infiltration was positively correlated with the level of morphological and pathological transformation from normal to malignant phenotypes (Gannot et al, 2002).…”

Mammary-tumor-educated B cells acquire LAP/TGF-β and PD-L1 expression and suppress anti-tumor immune responses

“…Many human and murine tumors are heavily infiltrated by B cells (1)(2)(3)(4), but their role in regulating anti-tumor immunity is not well understood. A variety of murine tumors are either completely rejected or demonstrated reduced growth in the absence of B cells, including the EL-4 thymoma, MC38 colon carcinoma and the EMT-6 breast carcinoma, D5 mouse melanoma (5)(6)(7)(8).…”