Increased genetic variability of sugarcane through gamma ray irradiation

Abstract

To increase the genetic diversity of sugarcane can be done through induced mutation using gamma ray irradiation. This research was carried out to determine the response and radiosensitivity of calli sugarcane variety (Kidang Kencana) to gamma ray irradiation, and knowing the diversities of phenotypic mutant of sugarcane. The research was conducted at BATAN and ICECRD, from August 2012 until March 2013. This research was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 6 doses of gamma ray irradiation (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy). Each treatment consisted of 10 replications. Each replication consists of 5 clumps of calli. The observed variables were calli fresh weight, percentage of regenerated calli, number of shoots, shoot height, leaves number, roots number and plantlets number, calli and mutant phenotype. The results showed that the ability of calli to regenerate and shoot growth decreased with increasing doses of gamma ray irradiation. Radiosensitivity (LD20-LD50) of sugarcane calli Kidang Kencana variety to gamma irradiation were in the range of 10 and 30 Gy doses. Gamma irradiation 10 and 20 Gy doses caused the variability mutant phenotype were very high. It means that gamma irradiation can be used to increase the genetic variability of sugarcane.

Improvement of drought tolerance of patchouli through gamma irradiation and in vitro selection

“…Thus, calli growth might be inhibited by increasing the gamma irradiation dose. This is in line with the research reported on sugarcane [23].…”

“…According to [26], Browning was caused by phenol oxidation following cell membrane degradation or cell disorganization This process is an indicator of the formation of quinone as a result of the enzyme activity. This result is in line with the research of [23], which stated that irradiation at high doses could cause a change in callus color from yellowish-white to blackish brown, and callus tends to decrease its ability to regenerate. According to [17], callus with brownish or darkish color showed a decrease in the regenerate ability.…”

“…According to [24], the dose in the ranged of LD20-LD50 is the highest dose to increase genetic diversity, thereby increasing the chances of breeders to obtain mutants according to the purpose of breeding. This is in line with [23] statement that the most suitable dose is usually around the lethal dose for producing most mutants. Calli resulting from gamma-ray irradiation at doses of 5 and 10 Gray had an RDI value lower than the control (0 gray) but higher than RDI values of patchouli callus irradiated at doses of 15, 20, and 25 Gray.…”

Sensitivity in Callus Tissue of Plectranthus amboinicus (L.) through Mutation Induction with Colchicine

“…However, this phenotype is reversible. An additional subculture period is required to move to normal morphology, as reported in previous studies (Suhesti et al, 2021(Suhesti et al, , 2020. LC 50 represents callus sensitivity, and giving a colchicine concentration of 0.0275% can cause 50% callus death.…”

“…However, this condition is not permanent because subculture on a medium without plant growth regulators continuously will change the plantlets to normal. It occurs because of the diplontic selection, in which cell lineage with greater vigor outcompete the slower-growing lineages within or between meristems on the same plantlets (Suhesti et al, 2021).…”