To increase the genetic diversity of sugarcane can be done through induced mutation using gamma ray irradiation. This research was carried out to determine the response and radiosensitivity of calli sugarcane variety (Kidang Kencana) to gamma ray irradiation, and knowing the diversities of phenotypic mutant of sugarcane. The research was conducted at BATAN and ICECRD, from August 2012 until March 2013. This research was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 6 doses of gamma ray irradiation (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy). Each treatment consisted of 10 replications. Each replication consists of 5 clumps of calli. The observed variables were calli fresh weight, percentage of regenerated calli, number of shoots, shoot height, leaves number, roots number and plantlets number, calli and mutant phenotype. The results showed that the ability of calli to regenerate and shoot growth decreased with increasing doses of gamma ray irradiation. Radiosensitivity (LD20-LD50) of sugarcane calli Kidang Kencana variety to gamma irradiation were in the range of 10 and 30 Gy doses. Gamma irradiation 10 and 20 Gy doses caused the variability mutant phenotype were very high. It means that gamma irradiation can be used to increase the genetic variability of sugarcane.

ABSTRAKPeningkatkan mutu genetik tanaman dapat dilakukan melalui, eksplorasi, hibridisasi, mutasi breeding dan rekayasa genetik. Tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) mempunyai variasi genetik yang sempit karena diperbanyak secara vegetatif. Salah satu teknik peningkatan mutu genetik nilam dapat dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan plasma nutfah dari berbagai sentra produksi maupun daerah lainnya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi, anatomi, produksi dan mutu minyak atsiri 15 aksesi nilam. Penelitian dilakukan di KP. Cimanggu Balittro sejak Januari sampai Desember 2010. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua ulangan. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah 15 aksesi yaitu GR1, GR3, GR4, BNY, CLP, PWK1, BRS, DRI, PKB, GYL, KT, TM2, Sipede 4, LO1, SK dan varietas Sidikalang sebagai kontrol. Parameter yang diamati karakter pertumbuhan, produksi dan mutu pada umur lima bulan setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi yang tinggi terhadap karakter kuantitatif, sedangkan pada karakter kualitatif variasinya sangat sempit. Tingkat kekerabatan berdasarkan karakter morfologi batang dan daun berkisar antara 83,95-97,41%, karakter produksi dan mutu berkisar antara 65,86-95,91% dan terbagi menjadi dua kelompok utama yaitu kelompok I dan II. Masing-masing kelompok dipisahkan oleh karakter jumlah daun, panjang daun, tebal daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang sekunder, panjang ruas cabang, diameter batang, bobot basah, bobot kering, dan jumlah kelenjar minyak. Tingginya kandungan kadar minyak atsiri dan patchouli alkohol terdapat pada GR1 (2,44%), GR3 (2,27%), GR4 (3,31%), PKB (2,85%), dan TM2 (2,25%) dengan kadar patchouli alkohol di atas 43,85%. Produksi bobot basah 402,3-861,2 g dan bobot kering 91,3-203,4 g tanaman ABSTRACT Improving the quality of plants genetic can do through exploration, hybridization, breeding mutation and genetic engineering. Patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth) has a narrow genetic variation because they propagated vegetatively. One of the technique to increase the genetic quality of patchouli could be done by collecting germplasm of production centre and other areas. The aim of this research was to observe characteristic morphology, anatomy, yield and volatile oil quality from 15 accessions of patchouli. The research was conducted at Cimanggu Experiment Station of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research

The leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (Lamiaceae) is a perennial plant that contained flavonoids compounds with have antidiabetic properties. The aim of the work was to select the best solvent for extraction of the flavonoid compounds from torbangun leaves. A statistical simplex-centroid mixture design for the water, ethanol, and hexane solvents has been used to the extraction of extract yield, flavonoids content, and inhibitory α-glucosidase activity of torbangun leaves.  The ethanol-water extracts showed the highest extract yield with value of 15.92%. The ethanol-hexane extracts presented the highest total flavonoids content, 96.30 mg QE/g, followed by hexane extract (82.91 mg QE/g). The ethanol extract recorded higher inhibitory of α-glucosidase activity, with value of 25.53%, followed by hexane extract (25.21%), and ethanol-water extract (23.02%). The weak correlation between the α-glucosidase inhibition and total flavonoids content showed that flavonoids contribute non-significantly to the α-glucosidase activity.

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Perbanyakan tebu umumnya dilakukan secara vegetatif mengguna-<br /> kan setek. Teknik ini mempunyai keterbatasan memproduksi jumlah bibit <br /> dalam skala besar. Dalam rangka mendukung peningkatan produktivitas, <br /> maka perlu pemenuhan bibit tebu dalam skala besar. Kultur jaringan <br /> merupakan   teknologi   alternatif   yang   dapat   dikembangkan   untuk <br /> pemenuhan bibit dalam jumlah yang banyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah <br /> mendapatkan formulasi media terbaik untuk induksi kalus dan regenerasi <br /> tebu varietas Kidang Kencana dan PSJT 941. Penelitian dilakukan di <br /> Laboratorium Unit Pengelola Benih Unggul Pertanian, Pusat Penelitian <br /> dan  Pengembangan  Perkebunan,  Bogor  dari  bulan  Februari  sampai <br /> September 2012. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu induksi kalus, <br /> regenerasi tunas dan perakaran, serta aklimatisasi. Bahan tanaman tebu <br /> yang digunakan adalah daun muda varietas Kidang Kencana dan PSJT 941 <br /> yang masih menggulung. Empat formulasi media digunakan pada tahap <br /> induksi kalus. Sementara itu, pada tahap regenerasi tunas dan perakaran <br /> menggunakan tujuh formulasi media. Aklimatisasi menggunakan media <br /> tanah steril dan kompos (2:1). Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak <br /> Lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial, terdiri atas dua faktor dan diulang <br /> sepuluh kali. Faktor pertama adalah varietas dan kedua adalah formulasi <br /> media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media induksi kalus terbaik untuk <br /> varietas  Kidang  Kencana  adalah 2,4-D 9 µM  +  Picloram  4,5  µM, <br /> sedangkan PSJT 941 adalah 2,4-D 13,5 µM. Media regenerasi dapat <br /> digunakan untuk menginduksi tunas sekaligus perakaran. Media regenerasi <br /> terbaik varietas Kidang Kencana dan PSJT 941 adalah IBA 2,46 µM + <br /> BAP 1,33 µM. Kedua varietas dapat diaklimatisasi di rumah kaca dengan <br /> tingkat keberhasilan tinggi (80-100%).</p><p>Kata kunci: Saccharum officinarum, tebu, kultur jaringan, organogenesis, <br />                 perbanyakan</p><p> </p><p>Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of Two Sugarcane Varieties (Saccharum officinarum L.) through In Vitro</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Generally, sugarcane propagation was done by vegetative cuttings. <br /> The technique had limitation of producing seeds in a large scale. In order <br /> to increase productivity of sugarcane, it is required to provide sugarcane <br /> seeds in large scale. Tissue culture is an alternative technique that can be <br />developed to provide the seeds. The objective of this research was to</p><p>obtain the best formulations for callus induction and regeneration of <br /> Kidang Kencana and PSJT 941 varieties. The study was conducted in the <br /> Laboratory of Superior Farm Seeds Management Unit, Indonesian Agency <br /> for Agricultural Research and Development, Bogor from February until <br /> September 2012. The researches were carried out in three steps, name <br /> lycallus induction, regeneration of shoots and roots, and acclimatization. <br /> Explant  material  used  was  young  rolled  leaves  collected  from  two <br /> sugarcane  varieties (Kidang  Kencana  and  PSJT 941).  Four  media <br /> formulations used for callus induction, while seven media formulations <br /> used for shoots and roots regeneration. Acclimatization used sterile soil <br /> and compost (2:1). The experiment arranged in Factorial Completely <br /> Randomized Design with two factors and ten replications. The first factor <br /> was varieties and second factor was media formulations. The results <br /> showed that the best callus induction media for Kidang Kencana was 2.4-<br /> D 9 µM + Picloram 4.5 µM, while for PSJT 941 was 2.4-D 13.5 µM. <br /> Regeneration  media  could  induce both  shoots  and  roots.  The  best <br /> regeneration media for Kidang Kencana and PSJT 941 were IBA 2.46 µM <br /> + BAP 1.33 µM. They could be acclimatized successfully in green house <br /> with highly percentage (80-100%).</p><p>Key words:  Saccharum officinarum,  sugarcane, tissue culture, organo- genesis, multiplication</p>