The research was undertaken to obtain drought-tolerant patchouli putative mutant calli through gamma-irradiation and in-vitro selection using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Patchoulina 2 variety was used as the mother plant. Embryogenic calli were induced on three medium formulation (combination of 0.1; 0.3 and 0.5 mg/l 2.4D with 0.1 mg/l BAP). The induced embryogenic calli were then exposed to nine levels of Gamma irradiation (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gray) in combination with two levels of PEG (0 and 20%). The results showed that MS media with 2.4-D 0.3 mg/l and BAP 0.1 mg/l was the best medium for callus induction. The ability of calli to survive decreased with increasing doses of gamma irradiation. The radiosensitivity of patchouli calli showed that LD20 at 14.06 Gray and LD50 at 26.98 Gray. The drought-tolerant patchouli putative mutant calli were obtained from gamma-ray irradiation doses 15, 20, and 25 Gray in selection media 20% PEG has better drought stress tolerance compared to parent Patchoulina 2 variety. Further selection in the glasshouse and field are needed to obtain a candidate variety of patchouli drought tolerance.

No abstract

World patchouly oil need is almost 90% fulfilled by Indonesia as the main producer, however, their narrow genetic variation is a major obstacle in plant breeding. Chemical mutation such as colchine is believed to be able to wider patchouly genetic variation The aim of this study was to increase patchouly genetic variation using chemical mutagen. The variety of Patchoulina 2 was treated by colchicine on callus stage. Callus irradiated was grown into regeneration medium until formed plantlet and ready to acclimatization. The results showed that there were 15 different morphological putative mutants with different characters. The mutants varied in qualitative characters(leaf shape, leaf color, leaf base, and leaf edge)and quantitative characters(plant height, number of leaf stalks). Two distinguishable main groups of mutants shared 62.62% genetic similarity level based on morphology. These new mutants in this study would be potential to be developed as new varieties along with the morphological characters as their specific identities.

Serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) merupakan tanaman aromatik yang kaya akan kandungan senyawa kimia penting terutama sitronela. Minyak atsiri dari tanaman serai wangi sering digunakan sebagai bahan baku utama berbagai industri. Perakitan varietas-varietas unggul serai wangi masih sangat diperlukan dalam rangka upaya peningkatan produksi serai wangi nasional. Pemanfaatan aksesi-aksesi dari sentra produksi serai wangi seperti Cianjur diharapkan dapat mendukung program pemuliaan serai wangi secara efektif dan efisien. Informasi genetik dari aksesi-aksesi lokal dapat diketahui melalui kegiatan karakterisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi kualitatif dan kuantitatif beberapa aksesi serai wangi hasil eksplorasi dari daerah Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Materi genetik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 10 aksesi Cianjur (SC1, SC2, SC3, SC4, SC5, SC6, SC7, SC8, SC9, dan SC10). Karakter yang diamati berupa karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Dari hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa aksesi SC1 merupakan aksesi terbaik dari Cianjur yang memiliki keunggulan pada semua karakter kuantitatif yang diamati terutama karakter panjang daun, tinggi batang, diameter batang, dan aroma daun yang tajam. Sekitar 75% karakter kuantitatif serai wangi Cianjur menunjukkan hasil korelasi antar karakter yang positif. Aksesi-aksesi dari Cianjur memiliki ciri-ciri yang sama yaitu batang berwarna VG 84B, pangkal daun berbentuk cekung, dan permukaan daun berwarna GGN 138C. Aksesi SC1 dan SC5 memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang jauh dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai tetua persilangan.

Parental Polymorphism Survey for Rice CSSL Development and F 1 Plants Identification. Mariana Susilowati, Panjisakti Basunanda, Wening Enggarini, Ma'sumah, and Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko. Raising yield potential of modern indica varieties is essential to meet the increased demand of rice production. This is due to increased human population, threats of climate change and degradation of agricultural resources. The use of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) is more effective for identification of genes those are useful for improvement of yield potential. The aims of this study were to observe the morphological trait differences between recipient parent (var. Ciherang) and three candidates of donor parent (var. Fatmawati and new plant type lines, i.e. B12743 and B11143D), to identify polymorphic SSR markers among them and to verify F 1 individuals. Ciherang and B11143D showed significant differences on flowering time, plant height, flag leaf area, tiller number, productive tiller number, panicle length, spikelet number per panicle and 1,000 grain weight. The rate of SSR marker polymorphisms between Ciherang and B11143D was the highest, where 155 of 513 markers (30.2%) were polymorphic. Marker genotyping using three polymorphic markers showed that 26 of 27 plants resulted from the cross of Ciherang х B11143D were F 1 . These F 1 plants could become the basis of CSSL panel that facilitate the mapping of genes responsible for increasing the yield potential.