Increased yield of porcine circovirus-2 by a combined treatment of PK-15 cells with interferon-gamma and inhibitors of endosomal-lysosomal system acidification

Misinzo, Gerald; Delputte, Peter; Lefebvre, David; Nauwynck, Hans

doi:10.1007/s00705-007-1092-0

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It has been shown that inhibition of the endolysosomal acidification, actin organization and clathrin-mediated endocytosis in monocytes reduces PCV2 infection (Misinzo et al, 2005(Misinzo et al, , 2008a, whereas in epithelial cells, inhibition of the endolysosomal acidification increases PCV2 replication. It was also shown that a serine protease mediated-event, probably uncoating of the capsid in the endosome, was required for replication in epithelial cells (Misinzo et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Molecular Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine circoviruses: a minuscule yet mammoth paradox

Ramamoorthy

Meng

2008

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent for porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). PCVAD has been the cause of considerable economic losses to the pork industry worldwide. The disease is primarily characterized by wasting, enlarged lymph nodes, jaundice and weight loss in affected weanling pigs. Several other complex syndromes involving reproductive failure, enteritis, pneumonia and necrotizing dermatitis have also been associated with PCV2 infection. Lymphoid depletion, which is the hallmark lesion of PCVAD, predisposes the host to immunosuppression. Disease progression is further complicated by co-infections with other bacterial and viral pathogens. Despite the availability of effective vaccines for the last 2 years, newly emerging strains of the virus have been reported to cause more severe outbreaks in parts of the USA and Canada. While knowledge of the biology and pathogenesis of PCV2 has progressed considerably over the last 12 years since the disease was recognized, many questions still remain to be answered.

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Section: Molecular Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine circoviruses: a minuscule yet mammoth paradox

Ramamoorthy

Meng

2008

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

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“…S1), exacerbated cytopathic effect in infected cells was most likely related to chloroquine‐enhanced viral replication. As a commonly used lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine may raise the pH in cellular endosomes to inhibit degradation of autophagosomes and viral proteins by endosome‐lysosome pathway [Misinzo et al, ,b; Gannage et al, ], thereby promoting the early assembly and release of virus particles. In addition, as the antagonist of TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 [Philbin et al, ; Vijay‐Kumar et al, ; Lim et al, ; Zipris et al, ], chloroquine may be conducive to viral replication for its inhibition on interferon production [Kono et al, ; Cao et al, ; Calven et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several studies reporting chloroquine‐enhanced replication of various viruses, such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in Raji cells [Karmali et al, ], recombinant vaccinia virus in HeLa cells [Chillakuru et al, ], porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in porcine kidney (PK‐15) cells [Misinzo et al, ,b], human parvovirus B19 (B19V) in UT7/Epo cells [Bonsch et al, ; Quattrocchi et al, ], and Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and encephalomyocarditis virus in mice [Maheshwari et al, ; Seth et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroquine enhances replication of influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in dose-, time-, and MOI-dependent manners in human lung epithelial cells A549

Dai

Zhao

et al. 2015

J. Med. Virol.

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Anti-malaria drug, chloroquine, has been reported to be effective against influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro and used in in-vivo experiments and clinical trial for prevention or treatment of influenza. In this study, it has been shown by immunofluorescence, hemagglutination, and plaque assays that chloroquine enhanced A/WSN/33 (H1N1) replication with pronounced cytopathic effect in dose-, time-, and MOI-dependent manners in human lung epithelial cells A549. Time-of-addition assay showed that inhibitory effect on virus replication by chloroquine pre-treatment was indistinctive, and virus productions were enhanced when the drug was applied after viral adsorption. The effectiveness of chloroquine as an anti-influenza drug is questioned, and caution in its use is recommended.

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“…Other study found a decline in the production of IFN- in the peripheral blood cells [24]. However, stimulation of PK-15 and 3D4/31 cells with IFN-α and γ before and during infection with PCV2 has led to increased PCV2 titers [26,27]. More research is required to clarify the role of IFNs in the pathogenesis of PCV2.…”

Section: Immunopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 95%

Porcine Circovirus 2: Immunopathogenesis and Recent Developments in Vaccines

Júnior¹,

Carvalho²,

Bulos³

et al. 2012

WJV

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Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is currently considered an important etiologic agent of swine and its infection has potentially serious economic impact on the swine industry worldwide. This virus is frequently associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), and also with other clinical conditions such as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), late-term abortions, reproductive failure in sows, proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia and congenital tremors. The term porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) is currently used to refer to any of these diseases when they are associated with PCV2 infection. The PCV2 was recognized as a pathogen in 1997, and many questions regarding its biology and pathogenesis remain unanswered. Currently, some studies have shown the production of new vaccine candidates and field efficacy testing of commercial vaccines. This review discusses some major points concerned with immunopathogenesis and vaccines for PCV2 infection

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Increased yield of porcine circovirus-2 by a combined treatment of PK-15 cells with interferon-gamma and inhibitors of endosomal-lysosomal system acidification

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Porcine circoviruses: a minuscule yet mammoth paradox

Porcine circoviruses: a minuscule yet mammoth paradox

Chloroquine enhances replication of influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in dose-, time-, and MOI-dependent manners in human lung epithelial cells A549

Porcine Circovirus 2: Immunopathogenesis and Recent Developments in Vaccines

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