Increases of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Membrane Lipids Protects Photosystem II from Photoinhibition under Salinity in Different Halophytes

Abstract

For the purpose of testing the function of unsaturated fatty acids in different halophytes in the process of photosynthesis under salt stress, the impact of saline stress on plant development, content of chlorophyll, the PSII photochemistry efficiency, content of membrane lipid and composition of fatty acid were investigated in the three halophytes Thellungiella halophila, Limonium bicolor and Suaeda salsa and non-halophyte Arabidopsis thaliana. Salinity (200 mM NaCl) did not reduce the value of Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and chlorophyll content in the halophytes. While all of them decreased by 200 mM NaCl treatment in A. thaliana. In the non-halophytic, A. thaliana, when treated with NaCl, the content of unsaturated fatty acid and the DBI of membrane lipids MGDG, SQDG, PG and PC decreased. While the unsaturated fatty acid content and the DBI of T. halophila, L. bicolor and S. salsa increased. The DBI of total lipids increased in all halophytes but decreased in the non-halophyte, A. thaliana. The proportion of PG increased in T. halophila and S. salsa. It decreased in L. bicolor and A. thaliana. The DGDG (digalactosyldiacylglycerols)/MGDG (monogalactosyldiacylglycerols) ratio of S. salsa increased from 1.20 to 1.35, while it decreased in T. halophila, L. bicolor and A. thaliana under salt stress. These results suggest that unsaturated fatty acid levels increase in the halophytes under salt stress relative to the non-halophyte A. thaliana. The proportion of membrane lipids and unsaturated fatty acids is related to different levels of salt tolerance among different halophytes.

Suaeda salsa is Adaptive to Chilling Stress under Salinity at Stages of Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment

“…Many experiments suggest that changes in unsaturated fatty acid content can enhance the plant tolerance to environmental stresses such as cold, heat and drought (Dakhma et al, 1995;Matos et al, 2002;Sui et al, 2007a, 2007b, Sui & Han, 2014. Our former study suggested that S. salsa displays high resistance to photoinhibition under salt stress conditions and that increased concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in membrane lipids of S. salsa enhances the tolerance of photosystem II to salt stress (Sui et al, 2010;Sui et al, 2007b).…”

Bioprospecting of Marine Macrophytes Using MS-Based Lipidomics as a New Approach

“…This plasticity can be useful for biotechnological purposes, since environment manipulation can be used to increase the nutritional value of macrophytes, as it is performed for other marine species [ 27 ]. For example, it has been described that high salinity increases the content of 16:3 n -3 and 18:3 n -3 in Ulva pertusa [ 19 ] as well as PUFAs in halophytes ( Thellungiella halophile , Limonium bicolor and Suaeda salsa ) [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The effect of light was also studied by Floreto et al [ 31 ] in three species of macroalgae ( Ulva pertusa , Grateloupia sparsa and Sargassum piluliferum ), who showed that high light intensity increases the content of SFA.…”

“…Apart from being time-consuming, other major disadvantages of this approach are its low resolution and sensitivity. TLC has been widely used to ascertain the polar lipidome of marine macrophytes, generally followed by off-line structural characterization; the majority of this characterization is performed by gas chromatography (GC) [ 21 , 26 , 29 , 45 , 60 , 61 , 63 , 65 ] or MS [ 39 , 52 , 57 , 107 , 108 ].…”

Physicochemical techniques in description of interactions in model and native plant membranes under stressful conditions and in physiological processes

“…The higher content of PE in comparison to PC and the presence of more unsaturated fatty acids (linolec, 18:2 and linolenic, 18:3) was observed in embryogenic membranes of wheat calli (Laggner et al 2003). Earlier, Reidiboym-Talleux and Grenier-De March (1999) in studies of Prunus savium found that embryogenic calli were characterized by a higher content of total phospholipids compared to nonembryogenic ones and that this may be explained by the Evans et al 1990;Palta et al 1993;Aziz and Larher 1998;Quartacci et al 2001;Nouairi et al 2006;Sui and Han 2014 PE 25.2-58.0 1.2-10.6 1.9-13.6 15.0-60.0 4.6-66.5 Browse et al 1986;Aziz and Larher 1998;Evans et al 1990;Palta et al 1993;Quartacci et al 2001;Nouairi et al 2006 PG 21.0-44.6 1.9-12.0 2.6-12.2 6.0-36.4 5.5-72.8 Browse et al 1986;Chapman et al 1986;Quartacci et al 1995Quartacci et al , 2001Aziz and Larher 1998;Sui and Han 2014 PA 20.0-48 Chapman et al 1986;Evans et al 1990;Quartacci et al 1995;Aziz and Larher 1998;Campos et al 2003;Nouairi et al 2006;Filek et al 2009;Sui andHan 2014 DGDG 1.0-47.7 0.7-19.3 0.1-10.4 1.2-28.5 15.7-87.7 Browse et al 1986;Chapman et al 1986;Evans et al 1990;Quartacci et al 1995;Aziz and Larher 1998;Kaniuga et al 1999;…”

“…The composition of the main lipid fractions in plasmalemma chloroplast and microsomal membranes of various plants in ( 3.4-54.3 1.0-28.0 Allen et al 1964;Galliard 1968;Roughan and Batt 1969;Wintermans 1960;Harwood 1975Harwood , 1980Sheppard et al 1978;Evans et al 1990;Palta et al 1993;Quartacci et al 1995Quartacci et al , 2001Uemura et al 1995;Hernandez and Cooke 1997;Gniazdowska et al 1999;Welti et al 2002;Nouairi et al 2006;Salama et al 2007;Toumi et al 2008;Filek et al 2009;Zamani et al 2010;Cacho et al 2012;Ibrahim et al 2012;Li et al 2014;Sui and Han 2014 Chloroplast 6.7-32.0…”